低碳经济的发展建设推动智能电网

阐述了低碳经济催生下的智能电网发展现状,以及智能电网建设对清洁、可再生能源和节能减排的重要意义。然后本文从电网构架出发分别研究了智能电网发电、输配电、用电环节的低碳发展模式。最后从智能电网技术角度出发讨论了支撑智能电网推动低碳经济发展的关键技术。     

二氧化碳催化转化在化学合成中的应用

二氧化碳的转化利用是C1 化学研究的前沿课题之一。综述了近年来CO2 催化转化在开发绿色合成工艺以及制备高附加值化工原料等方面的最新进展。     

聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯降凝剂的组成及结构分析

提出了一个分析聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯类降凝剂组成及结构的方法，其中，聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯与乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物，动植物酯蜡的结构区别是通过测定其皂化降解产物的ＩＲ，ＭＳ谱，比较它们在ＧＰＣ柱上的分子尺寸进行的。     

碳酸二甲酯的用途及合成研究进展

简介了碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的主要用途.综述了DMC的各种合成方法,以及有关工艺条件和催化剂的研究进展情况;分析比较了各种合成工艺的优劣,介绍了国内外的最新生产情况和未来的研究发展趋势.     

超临界CO_2萃取芹菜籽油研究

用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术对广东白芹菜籽进行了萃取研究。结果表明，萃取压力低于１５ＭＰａ时，较重的油树脂等成分难以被萃取出来；萃取温度为３０８Ｋ时对萃取最有利；解析温度对萃取效率影响较小；ＣＯ２流量对萃取效率的影响比床层高度引起的扩散阻力的影响大得多。超临界ＣＯ２萃取所得芹菜籽油品质优越，且其中的药用有效成分（３－正丁基－４，５－二氢苯并呋喃酮）含量比水汽法所得芹菜籽油的高五倍多。     

碳纳米管分散性的研究

本文采用加入不同类型的表面活性剂和表面活性剂的复配，并用超声波振荡方法，研究碳纳米管在有机溶剂中的分散状态。通过沉降时间观察其分散性，采用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜对分散效果进行进一步分析。研究结果表明，用一定浓度的阳离子型全氟表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂互配作为分散剂使碳纳米管达到很好的分散效果。     

Polymeric carbon nanocomposites from multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with segmented polyurethane

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were functionalized with segmented polyurethanes (PU) by the “grafting to” approach. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra show that the sidewalls of MWNTs have been functionalized with acid treatment, and the amount of COOH increases with increasing acid treatment time. FTIR and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirm that PU is covalently attached to the sidewalls of MWNTs by esterification reaction. Similar to the parent PU, the functionalized carbon nanotube samples are soluble in highly polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The functionalized acid amount and the grafted PU amount were determined by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Comparative studies, based on SEM images between the PU‐functionalized and chemically defunctionalized MWNT samples, also reveal the covalent coating character. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of nanocomposite films prepared from PU and PU‐functionalized MWNTs show enhanced mechanical properties and increased soft segment T_g. Tensile properties indicate that PU‐functionalized MWNTs are effective reinforcing fillers for the polyurethane matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

A catalytic platinum–ruthenium–polyaniline electrode for methanol oxidation

Polyaniline films prepared on Au wires were employed as substrates to deposit Pt and/or Ru using a potential-programmed perturbation. Different compositions of Pt and Ru ions in acid electrolyte were employed to decorate the electrodes. The atomic percentages of Pt and Ru on Pani were determined by EDAX and particle size and distribution by SEM. The catalytic activity was tested for adsorbed CO and CH₃OH electrooxidation. Nanoparticles of Pt–Ru with different Pt–Ru contents were obtained and characterized for each reaction.     

用超临界二氧化碳法制备超强吸水剂

以N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂，研究了疏水性单体丙烯酸十八酯(OA)与亲水性单体丙烯酸(AA)在超临界二氧化碳中的聚合反应，制备了超强吸水剂。结果表明，65℃、压力大于13MPa时，制备的产物都为白色固体粉末。用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术可以对产物进行纯化，50℃、20MPa下，产物经超临界二氧化碳萃取2次后纯度可大于95％，4次后单体残留率为0．28％。该超强吸水剂的吸水率有一定下降，然而保水率却得到提高。     

CCN activation of oxalic and malonic acid test aerosols with the University of Vienna cloud condensation nuclei counter

The cloud droplet activation of monodisperse laboratory aerosols consisting of single organic and inorganic substances as well as a mixture of several substances was investigated using the University of Vienna cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC). The CCNC operates on the principle of a static thermal diffusion chamber. Water vapour supersaturations can be set in the range from 0.1% to 2%. Aqueous solutions of oxalic acid and malonic acid as well as solutions of inorganic compounds (NaCl and (NH₄)₂SO₄) were nebulized in a Collison atomizer and then passed through a closed-loop differential mobility particle spectrometer to produce monodispersed particles. An internally mixed aerosol consisting of ammonium sulphate, oxalic acid and malonic acid with relative concentrations resembling those found in cloud water at a mountain station [Löflund, Kasper-Giebl, Schuster, Giebl, Hitzenberger, Reischl et al. (2002) Atmos. Environ. 36, 1553] was also investigated for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation. All these particles were activated at supersaturations expected from Köhler theory. Oxalic and malonic acid particles are therefore expected to be good atmospheric CCN both as pure particles and as internally mixed particles containing other chemical compounds.