楔形环管片纵向接头对施工荷载力学响应研究

楔形环管片是盾构隧道曲线段的重要组成部分。以珠海-澳门轻轨某急弯隧道为例,利用ANSYS有限元软件计算了楔形环管片在不同管片幅宽、楔形量、隧道曲率半径、千斤顶压力等条件下管片纵向接头的受力情况,重点分析了管片环间接头的最大正负弯矩。研究结果表明:随着盾构隧道曲线半径减小,正负最大弯矩均增大,不同隧道转弯半径下,管片最大正负弯矩均随接头抗弯刚度的增大而增大;不论正负弯矩,均有管片幅宽越小最大弯矩越大的现象。不同管片幅宽下,管片最大正负弯矩均随接头抗弯刚度的增大而增大;曲线半径为150 m时,最大正弯矩基本随着千斤顶压力呈线性增大的趋势,最大约为1 180 k N·m。研究结果对今后的急弯盾构隧道管片设计有一定的指导意义。     

水工隧洞土洞段稳定性分析及支护效果研究

水工隧洞围岩的应力分布及变形特征对保证其长期稳定性具有关键的作用。该文以中部引黄施工支洞为例进行实态建模,通过利用有限差分程序FLAC3D进行分析计算。研究结果表明,未加强支护前,锁脚锚杆所受的压应力已超过锚杆的抗压强度,拱脚处应力集中现象明显;变形主要集中在拱顶、底板部位;加强支护后,钢拱架变形、钢拱架轴力和锚杆最大拉应力都得到减小。支护效果稳定且能够满足施工及后期运行要求。     

金安金沙江悬索桥隧道式锚碇变形破坏机制研究

隧道式锚碇的变形破坏机制涉及到结构与围岩的协同作用问题。以华丽高速公路金安金沙江悬索桥两岸隧道锚变形破坏机制为研究对象,利用工程类比法评价了其稳定性控制要素,设计了超载数值试验。根据塑性区的扩展过程确定了施工安全监测和需要采取预加固的重点部位,确定了隧道锚围岩的破坏模式。根据锚面监测点位移由mm到cm量级突变确定的两岸锚岩系统极限荷载均为6~8倍设计缆力,则锚岩系统的设计承载力取3倍设计缆力下变形安全是有保障的。丽江岸塑性区在10 P下贯通;华坪岸塑性区在14 P下贯通。设计缆力作用下,丽江岸锚碇最大位移1.5 mm、围岩1.2 mm、地表0.5 mm;华坪岸锚碇最大位移1.7 mm、围岩1.5 mm、地表0.7 mm,其响应顺序为后锚面监测点前锚面监测点锚碇中间岩体地表点,可作为后期结构及围岩安全监测布点和预警的参考,也证明当前设计缆力下变形和强度均是安全的。     

泥岩隧道光面爆破的技术参数研究及应用

针对泥岩隧道的特殊性,通过优化光面爆破的爆破参数,讨论泥岩隧道掘进的经济性、安全性。采用预埋振速传感器监测的方式,分析光面爆破对隧道周围岩体的扰动。现场光爆技术应用效果显著,隧道开挖轮廓线内基本未出现超欠挖现象,半孔率达86%以上,爆破进尺提升约15%,孔痕长度基本均匀分布一般都在孔长的66%以上;萨道夫斯基公式的系数K衰减明显、α基本稳定,光爆的振动速度和围岩扰动都得到了有效控制。     

Photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates with different tunnel space for water decomposition

Photocatalytic activities for water decomposition were examined for photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates and TiO2(B) with different tunnel space in the structure. Using RuO2 as promoter, M2Ti6O13 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) showed the stoichiometric production of Hz and O₂ except for Li, whereas H₂Ti₈O₁₇ and TiO₂(B) had very low activity producing only hydrogen as a product. The effects of promoters on Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ showed that the activity increased in the order of RuO₂ > RuO₂ + IrO₂ > IrO₂ > RuO₂ + Pt > MnO₂. These effects along with other related ones are discussed: it emerges that the presence of the tunnels is important for the achievement of high photocatalytic activity.     

扫描隧道显微镜技术在腐蚀防护研究中的应用

简述了扫描隧道显微镜技术的发展概况，着重介绍了扫描隧道显微镜在局部腐蚀、点蚀、钝化膜形成等方面的应用。     

三维激光扫描技术在引水隧洞检修中的应用

三维激光扫描技术是国际上近年发展的一项集光、电和计算机技术于一体的新技术,利用该技术可以快速、精确地获取空间数据。锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞放空检修时发现少数洞内存在混凝土破损情况,但受时间与费用等因素限制,难于以采用常规手段详细检查混凝土表面缺陷与变形等问题。通过采用三维激光扫描技术对隧洞进行全断面扫描,及时探查了混凝土表面的缺陷并进行了处理,确保了工程安全运行;同时,还得到混凝土表面的三维坐标信息,建立了混凝土表面缺陷基准数据库,可为后续进一步分析混凝土表面缺陷的变化情况提供参考。     

水流掺气对明流泄洪洞及挑坎水力特性的影响

水流充分掺气可以避免高流速泄洪设施发生空蚀,但也会改变相关水力特性。通过对某大坝泄洪洞掺气设施水力模型试验及关于水流表面自掺气发生条件的相关分析,提出了在全程流速超过38 m/s,长度达550 m的明流洞内仅布置一级掺气设施的建议,较通常情况减少了两级;并针对泄洪洞出流方向与河道流向交角达60°的特点,研究提出了一种大差动异型鼻坎消能工。水工模型试验成果表明,其挑流水舌沿河道纵向扩散良好,水舌外缘与河道对岸保持了30 m以上的安全距离。该泄洪洞建成后经历了高水头、较长时间的泄洪运行,明流洞和鼻坎消能工均无空蚀发生,但挑坎水舌却冲刷到对岸边坡。     

电力企业移动安全接入平台

电力企业承担着为社会经济发展提供安全、可持续电力供应的重要使命,因此,电力企业信息系统的安全要求比普通企业要高。随着电力企业信息化的快速推进,各种远程移动终端与信息内网的数据交换需求日益增长。如何保证移动终端远程接入的安全已成为电力企业信息化建设中的关键问题。在分析传统 SSL VPN 技术的基础上,针对电力企业信息安全建设的特点和特殊需求,设计了一种适用于电力企业的新型移动安全接入平台。该平台能够支持多种移动终端的多因素认证和访问控制,同时实现了SSL高速协议栈、数据隔离等功能,有效地解决了上面所提到的问题。     

Role of sex pheromone components in behavioral reproductive isolation betweenAutographa gamma (L.) and eitherTrichoplusia ni (Hübner) ORChrysodeixis chalcites (Esp.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae)

The composition of theAutographa gamma sex pheromone was reexamined and only (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were identified by capillary GC, GC-MS, and dimethyl disulfide derivatization and subsequent GC-MS analysis. The fatty acid content of the pheromone glands was also studied, and a series of saturated and unsaturated acids was identified. However, most of the related pheromonal compounds were not detected. The male response to the pheromone components was studied in a flight tunnel and compared with the response to calling females. The best synthetic baits evoked a response similar to that observed to the virgin females, but males spent significantly more time at calling females than at the synthetic baits. The preferred synthetic baits consisted of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate alone or of a blend with 5% (Z)-7-dodecenol. Increasing the relative amount of the alcohol caused a gradual reduction in male response, particularly in the last steps of the courtship sequence. The addition of the minor sex pheromone components of the sympatric Plusiinae species,Trichoplusia ni andChrysodeixis chalcites, to theA. gamma pheromone was also investigated in the flight tunnel. Some of these components exhibited a significantly antagonistic effect on theA. gamma male courtship behavior. The most potent antagonists were (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate. The response ofA. gamma andT. ni males to conspecific and heterospecific females was also compared in the flight tunnel. WhereasA. gamma males were attracted only to their conspecific females, a small percentage ofT. ni males were also attracted toA. gamma females and 11% performed the whole courtship sequence.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), No. 3459-E, 1992 series.