Enhancing Mg extraction from lizardite-rich serpentine for CO2 mineral sequestration

Carbon capture and storage by mineralisation (CCSM) is a promising technology that sequesters CO₂ from flue gases into stable mineral carbonates. Although the development of indirect pH swing processes (dissolution at acid pH and carbonation at basic pH) able to recycle the chemicals used are promising, there are still limitations in reaction rate of mineral dissolution being slow in view of a large deployment of the technology. The extraction of Mg from lizardite using magnesium bisulphate has been studied as a function of temperature, reagent concentration, solid to liquid ratio, thermal and mechanical pre-activation. Although the overall highest Mg extraction (95%) was obtained after 3 h, the reduction of the dissolution time to 1 h can consistently reduce the volumes to be treated per unit time leading to low capital costs in a hypothetical mineralisation plant. About 80% of Mg was extracted from lizardite in 1 h at 140 °C, 2.8 M NH₄HSO₄, particles <250 μm and a solid to liquid ratio of 100 g/l. At 140 °C, serpentine undergoes extensive structural modifications as indicated by XRD and FTIR analyses, producing amorphous silica and accelerating the kinetics of the reaction. Particles with diameter less than 250 μm were obtained by grinding the lizardite at 925 rpm for 10 min consuming 33 kW h/t_rock.     

Carbonation monitoring of beverage in a laboratory scale unit with on-line measurement of dissolved CO2

The effervescence properties of carbonated drinks are subject to the concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved and its ability to be transferred from the liquid phase to the forming bubble. We report the construction of a small laboratory scale carbonation unit that allows the study of the solubility of carbon dioxide in various hydro-alcoholic media, differing in their compositions. This unit, which is a model of a real industrial one, measures the instant concentration of CO₂, during the carbonation process, by means of a thermal conductivity detector. The carbonation kinetics of various samples, containing water, alcohol, sugar, proteins and free amino-acids, were studied. While sugar diminishes CO₂ solubility and, consequently, carbonation kinetics, free amino-acids and proteins increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the medium. A survey of the rheological properties of the samples showed that CO₂ solubility modifications are not correlated with changes in the viscosity of the medium. This equipment could be helpful for soft drink bottlers for measuring the changes that may affect effervescence and consequently the visual and gustative perception of the beverage after modification of its composition.     

强化碳酸化固定CO2反应过程分析与机理探讨

以乙酸为媒质的间接碳酸化固定CO₂工艺路线,主要包括乙酸媒质浸出钙镁离子形成乙酸盐,碳酸化过程乙酸盐转化成碳酸钙产品,同时生成乙酸媒质循环利用。然而在碳酸化过程碳酸化反应结晶转化率低,从而制约该工艺路线的进一步工业应用。采用有机溶剂TBP萃取乙酸与碳酸钙结晶过程耦合,可以实现碳酸化反应结晶转化率的大幅度提高。通过实验研究了体系达到平衡时初始乙酸钙浓度对碳酸化过程的影响,结果表明碳酸化反应结晶转化率都在40%以上,比文献报道的高出一倍。基于强化碳酸化过程的机理分析,初步进行了耦合过程的热力学平衡计算。研究结果表明：由于有机溶剂TBP的加入,体系的酸性条件得到改善,有利于碳酸钙结晶析出;然而高浓度条件下,乙酸根与钙离子之间强烈的相互作用成为进一步提高碳酸化反应结晶转化率的主要障碍。     

粗纤维轻骨料混凝土的力学性能及抗碳化性能的试验研究

在轻骨料混凝土中掺入适量粗纤维,可以改善其力学性能及耐久性能。通过改变粗纤维掺量,研究粗纤维掺量对轻骨料混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度及抗渗性能的影响。从试验结果可以看出:随着粗纤维掺量的增加,对轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度提高作用有限,而对抗折强度贡献较大。在适当的掺量条件下,对抗碳化性能提高作用较明显。     

混凝土结构碳化寿命预测模型分析

混凝土碳化是影响结构耐久性的重要因素.根据碳化寿命准则,对现有混凝土结构碳化寿命预测模型进行分析比较,并用试验值或实测值验证.还对混凝土结构碳化寿命预测模型的影响因素进行了分析,对混凝土结构耐久性设计以及施工和维护期间应控制的影响因素提出了建议.     

碳酸化分解法合成板状氢氧化铝的研究

介绍了一种制备板状氢氧化铝粉体的新方法。从晶体生长行为和反应机理出发,研究碳酸化分解法不同工艺条件:原料液偏铝酸钠浓度、反应气体CO2通气速率、碳分终点pH值、干燥条件等因素对氢氧化铝粉体板状结构的影响。同时,也考察了不同晶型向导剂和分散剂对粉体形貌的影响。得到的产品采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和BET比表面积等检测手段进行表征。实验结果表明,当偏铝酸钠溶液的浓度为2.0~2.5 mol/L,CO2气体通气速率为100~200 L/h,反应终点控制为pH=12,添加一定量的A lF3和三乙醇胺作为晶型向导剂和分散剂时,可以得到六角板状氢氧化铝,其平均粒径为16.520μm,径厚比为30~60,比表面积351.350 3 m2/g。     

Accelerated carbonation for treatment of MSWI bottom ash

Leaching of heavy metals from MSWI bottom ash exceeds some of the Flemish limit values for recycling the material as granular construction application. In particular, leaching of Cu, Zn and Pb often exceeds the limit value, with Cu being the most critical. In order to recycle bottom ash, treatment is therefore required. The bottom ash studied was divided on-site into four fractions using a large-scale wet sieving installation: a sludge fraction (Ø 0–0.1 mm), a sand fraction (Ø 0.1–2 mm) and two gravel fractions (Ø 2–6 and 6–50 mm). The two gravel fractions complied with the limit values after 3 months of natural ageing. The sand and sludge fraction did not reach the limit value for Cu. Four weeks of accelerated carbonation resulted in an important decrease of Cu leaching from these two fractions, although the limit value is still exceeded. In view of applying carbonation as one of the treatment methods in an integrated industrial application, two tests were additionally performed. The use of stack gas as carbonating medium was verified by setting up an accelerated carbonation experiment at the incineration plant. Also, the depth of carbonation was measured in a 10 cm thick sample of the sand fraction after different periods of treatment. After 3 months of natural ageing only the upper 4 cm underwent a significant carbonation, while after one week of accelerated carbonation the total sample was carbonated. A model was developed to predict these experimental results.     

Carbonation Behavior Assessment of RH Slag Batch after Aqueous Extraction at Environmental Pressure

In order to assess CO₂ sequestration amount and carbonation degree for RH slag at surrounding pressure, carbonation process of RH slag batch in lab is investigated, and the parameters of carbonation degree and CO₂ sequestration amount are the targets, and the relationship between both and relevant factors, such as CO₂ flow, gas bubble size etc. is originally discussed. The carbonation degree increases when temperature increases before 60 °C, then decreases. Particle size has a positive effect on carbonation degree, and carbonation degree for 0.5 L/min is bigger than those for 0.1 L/min and 1.0 L/min. When small gas bubble generator is adopted, carbonation degree and CO₂ sequestration amount is improved. The maximum carbonation degree and CO₂ sequestration amount is 34% and 178.65 g/kgslag, respectively when 38 μm RH slag batch is carbonated for 90 min at 60 °C under the conditions that CO₂ flow is 0.5 L/min and bubble size equals 5 mm. CaCO₃ and MgCO₃ phases exists through XRD analysis, showing that carbonation process is effective. Carbonation degree model is established assuming carbonation reaction occurs on the active surface of RH slag batch. This model fits very well by comparison between experimental results and model results.     

现代预应力结构耐久性(碳化)模型研究

对 7根快速碳化试件进行了应力分析 ,建立了不同应力状态下的碳化深度预测模型 ,随后从理论上对裂缝状态下的预应力混凝土结构耐久性进行了分析 ;并根据结构可靠度理论 ,提出了碳化环境下PC结构耐久性可靠度的分析方法。     

作为新型CO2吸收剂的乙酸钙循环碳酸化特性

钙基吸收剂的循环煅烧/碳酸化反应是煤燃烧或气化过程中捕获CO2的有效途径。该文采用乙酸溶液调质石灰石的产物乙酸钙作为CO2的新型吸收剂,以解决石灰石经过多次循环煅烧/碳酸化反应后吸收CO2能力急剧衰减的问题。在煅烧/碳酸化反应器上,研究碳酸化温度和煅烧温度对乙酸钙循环碳酸化转化率的影响。结果表明：碳酸化温度在650~700 ℃时乙酸钙能获得很高的碳酸化转化率,经20次循环后转化率仍高达0.5,明显高于石灰石。在高浓度CO2气氛下,在较高的煅烧温度(920~1 050 ℃)时,乙酸钙仍能获得较高的碳酸化转化率。乙酸钙的抗烧结能力较石灰石更强。多次循环后乙酸钙煅烧后的比表面积和孔容均大于煅烧后的石灰石,且孔容分布和孔比表面积分布均优于煅烧后的石灰石。