Carbonization reactions of inertinite macerals in Australian coals

Widespread disagreement about the degree of reactivity of the inertinite group of macerais is related to variations in experimental conditions of assessment and failure to appreciate technological modifications imposed on similar macerals by dissimilar source materials and depositional conditions. This has resulted in the constant under-estimation of the coking potential of post-Carboniferous inertinite-rich coals by predictive methods developed for vitrinite-rich Carboniferous coals. Coking tests up to 1000 °C have been carried out on 20 coals of different rank in such a manner that coked portions of the samples could be correlated with their uncoked equivalents. It has been found that an inverse relationship exists between the level of precarbonization reflectance (PCR) of inertinite and the reflectance and bireflectance of its coke. The increase in the latter parameter is non-linear and involves a sudden jump which is taken as the boundary between reactive (high bireflectance) and non-reactive (low bireflectance) inertinite. In relation to coal rank a reactivity field for inertinite has been delineated which can be subdivided into two areas of high and moderate reactivity, respectively. On the whole, the proportion of reactive inertinite is larger than allowed for in most petrography-based coke stability calculations.     

薄板坯连铸浸入式水口结构数值模拟

使用有限元计算方法开展薄板坯连铸浸入式水口流场的研究 ,分别对水口不同浸入深度的流场分布、水口出口不同角度的流场分布进行计算。结果发现 :水口的浸入深度在 30 0mm时较为合理 ;水口的出口角度以R1 5、60°、45°为宜     

新型组合式碳化法生产纳米级碳酸钙新工艺

介绍了组合式碳化新工艺理论依据、工艺特点、设备结构及与传统方法对比情况。新型组合式碳化新工艺具有设备结构简单、操作方便、易于实现自控操作等特点,产品质量稳定,同一套设备控制不同工艺条件,可生产多种晶型、不同粒度、不同性质的纳米级或微米级各类碳酸钙产品,低温能耗低、投资少,连续生产,生产效率高、单塔生产能力大,符合大型化生产需求。     

大丝束聚丙烯腈基预氧丝炭化研究

采用正交实验法研究了炭化温度、炭化时间、升温速率等因素对两种聚丙烯腈基预氧丝炭化产物结构和性能的影响.结果表明,进口东邦48 K大丝束聚丙烯腈基预氧丝环化程度优于国产吉林6 K小丝束聚丙烯腈基预氧丝,在炭化温度950℃,升温速率4℃/min,保温时间10 min条件下,炭化可取得最佳性能,炭化产物纤维拉伸强度达2.96 GPa,而国产吉林6 K小丝束在炭化温度1 100℃,升温速率4℃/min,保温时间5 min条件下炭化产物性能最佳,产物炭纤维拉伸强度近3.80 GPa.伴随两种预氧丝炭化过程,纤维颜色加深,表面缺陷减少,拉伸断裂模式均由假塑性向脆性过渡,为复合材料低成本开发中预氧丝坯体制备与炭化工艺提供了参考依据.     

采用加压-真空两段热缩聚法制备中间相沥青炭纤维的原料

以深度裂解石油渣油为原料，采用两段热缩聚法可制得软化点为268℃，可编性良好的中间相沥青。本文详细考察了温度，时间对中间相沥青软化点，可编性，中间相沥青形态及碳化收率的影响，并初步探讨了两段热缩聚反应的机理。研究结果表明反应温度，时间对中间相沥青的结构和性能影响较大，选择适宜石油渣油，采用加压－真空两段热缩聚法，调整反应条件，可制得可纺性良好的中间相沥青。     

基于GPGPU的实体表面实时提取

为实时提取三维实体表面,提出一种基于GPGPU并行计算的实体表面实时提取方法。在分析深度剥离算法原理和GPU图形绘制管线的基础上,给出在GPU上利用深度剥离算法实现实时提取三维实体表面的算法;通过OpenGL的高级着色语言GLSL控制GPU的图形绘制管线实现了该算法,给出其伪代码。以龙、叶轮和刀具扫描体的模型为应用实例验证了该算法效果良好,特别是对于刀具扫描体表面的提取,可满足实时性要求。     

Evolution with heat treatment of crystallinity in carbons

The variation with heat treatment of the dimensions L_a and L_c of the graphite-like crystallites of graphitizable and non-graphitizable carbons is studied. The increases of L_a and L_c with heat treatment temperature (HTT) owing to three processes (crystallite growth in-plane, coalescence of crystallites along the c-axis and coalescence of crystallites along the a-axis) are functionally separated. The evolution with HTT of the number of crystallites (N_cr), the mean volume of the crystallites (v_cr) and the total volume occupied by the crystallites (V_cr) are determined in terms of the changes of L_a, L_c and d₀₀₂. Since among other characteristics the crystallites form the electrical and thermal conducting phase of the carbon, N_cr, v_cr and V_cr are important parameters in many physical properties of these materials. The developed expressions were applied to a non-graphitizable and to a graphitizable carbon.     

考虑土体强度参数深度依赖性的非平稳随机场边坡滑动深度和体积分析

基于随机有限元方法（RFEM）和Monte-Carlo模拟,建立了能够模拟具有深度依赖性的土体强度参数边坡或具有软弱夹层边坡的非平稳随机场模型。通过辐射扫描方法获取最危险滑动面,得到非平稳随机场边坡滑动深度和滑动体积。将该方法与均质边坡和平稳随机场边坡获得的滑动深度和滑动体积进行对比,研究土体强度参数深度依赖性的非平稳随机场边坡的不同坡度和各向异性对滑动深度和滑动体积的影响。结果表明：基于RFEM的非平稳随机场滑动深度和滑动体积结果为地质灾害风险及后果评估提供了一个参考分析的新角度;参数的深度依赖性程度越高(变化率b越大),则边坡平均滑动深度和滑动体积越小;在大坡度滑坡风险后果评估中,可以基于均质边坡分析结果进行初步预估;在非平稳随机场中,随着各向异性的增大,所有坡度边坡的滑动体积变异系数增大;不同坡度下,水平方向的相关程度越大,则土坡内软弱夹层的不确定性越强,滑动体积的变异系数也不断增大。     

Order-k α-hulls and α-shapes

We introduce order-k α-hulls and α-shapes – generalizations of α-hulls and α-shapes. Being also a generalization of k-hull (known in statistics as “k-depth contour”), order-k α-hull provides a link between shape reconstruction and statistical depth. As a generalization of α-hull, order-k α-hull gives a robust shape estimation by ignoring locally up to k outliers in a point set. Order-k α-shape produces an “inner” shape of the set, with the amount of “digging” into the points controlled by k. As a generalization of k-hull, order-k α-hull is capable of determining “deep” points amidst samples from a multimodal distribution: it correctly identifies points which lie outside clusters of samples.The order-k α-hulls and α-shapes are related to order-k Voronoi diagrams in the same way in which α-hulls and α-shapes are related to Voronoi diagrams. This implies that order-k α-hull and α-shape can be readily built from order-k Voronoi diagram, and that the number of different order-k α-shapes for all possible values of α is proportional to the complexity of order-k Voronoi diagram.     

Bayesian estimation of Dirichlet mixture model with variational inference

In statistical modeling, parameter estimation is an essential and challengeable task. Estimation of the parameters in the Dirichlet mixture model (DMM) is analytically intractable, due to the integral expressions of the gamma function and its corresponding derivatives. We introduce a Bayesian estimation strategy to estimate the posterior distribution of the parameters in DMM. By assuming the gamma distribution as the prior to each parameter, we approximate both the prior and the posterior distribution of the parameters with a product of several mutually independent gamma distributions. The extended factorized approximation method is applied to introduce a single lower-bound to the variational objective function and an analytically tractable estimation solution is derived. Moreover, there is only one function that is maximized during iterations and, therefore, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is theoretically guaranteed. With synthesized data, the proposed method shows the advantages over the EM-based method and the previously proposed Bayesian estimation method. With two important multimedia signal processing applications, the good performance of the proposed Bayesian estimation method is demonstrated.