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81.
近几年,我国外汇储备逐年增加,而美元汇率偏弱,使我国承担很大的外汇风险。为了规避外汇风险,应增加黄金储备。文中提出了我国增加黄金储备总量的理由以及增加黄金储备的途径。这些建议具有可操作性,可以提供给有关部门参考。 相似文献
82.
Takaaki Wajima Tomoe Shimizu Yasuyuki Ikegami 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(6):921-927
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the synthesis of zeolites from paper sludge ash (PSA) with added diatomite to remove both NH4+ and PO43? for water purification. The PSA had low Si and significant Ca contents. Four types of diatomite: white (T‐W) and brown (T‐B) from deposits of marine origin in Takanosu, and white (S‐W) and gray (S‐G) from lacustrine deposits in Shonai, were added to NaOH solution to increase the Si content and thereby synthesize zeolites with high cation exchange capacity (CEC). RESULTS: The order of the amounts of Si extracted from the diatomite to the alkali solution was S‐W > T‐W = T‐B > S‐G, which correlates with the amorphous SiO2 content of diatomite. The original ash without addition of diatomite yielded hydroxysodalite with CEC of about 1.0 mmol g?1. For all samples, the addition of diatomite to the solution yielded zeolite‐P with a higher CEC, but the addition of excess Si inhibited the synthesis of zeolite‐P, and the CEC of the product was low. A product with high CEC including zeolite‐P was obtained in a solution with around 500 mmol L?1 of Si concentration, and had the ability to remove both NH4+ and PO43?. CONCLUSION: Diatomite has the potential for used as an additive for the synthesis of high CEC zeolite from PSA. The product with zeolite‐P exhibited relatively high CEC, capacity for NH4+ uptake, and the ability to remove PO43? by precipitation, which is preferable for water purification applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
83.
84.
分析实现永州电力通信交换网集中操作和维护的必要性,介绍了实现程控交换机远程操作和维护的两种方式,总结在实践过程中所得到的经验和教训。 相似文献
85.
86.
DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂合成的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂的合成步骤为:玉米淀粉与丙烯酰胺在硝酸铈铵引发下接枝,得A;A与醇在酸催化下发生酯化反应得B;甲醛与二甲胺反应得N-羟甲基胺(C);在C中加入酸使pH值为4左右。得酸性范围内的N-羟甲基胺(C′)。B与C′发生曼尼希反应得D(叔胺盐);D发生烷基化反应E(季铵盐);E与四苯硼钠反应生成白色沉淀。室内试验分析了DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂合成的影响因素。评价了DJG-1的水处理效果并与硫酸铝进行了对比。实验结果表明,DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂合成的影响因素包括引发剂的选用,活化时间,投料比,反应时间与温度及溶液pH值等。用DJG-1絮凝剂混凝处理钻井废水时,絮凝沉淀的速度比用硫酸铝处理时大得多,废水处理效率高,但DJG-1絮凝剂与硫酸铝复合使用经济效益更好,且硫酸铝用量为300mg/L时,DJG-1的最佳用量为3-4mg/L。 相似文献
87.
Summary Recent progress in the modelling of exchanged Cu sites and their interactions with small molecules, based on DFT cluster calculations, is briefly reviewed. 相似文献
88.
David L. Spooner 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》1994,5(1):13-21
A product database for a design and manufacturing enterprise serves as a repository for the data needed to manufacture a product. This paper discusses how an object-oriented persistent object manager named ROSE, under development at Rensselaer, has been used in the Rensselaer CIM program to develop a STEP/PDES-compliant product database for its research test bed. In so doing, it provides an overview of the requirements for a product database system in an integrated design and manufacturing facility, and it discusses how the chosen system meets these requirements. 相似文献
89.
P.B. Spoor L. Koene W.R. Ter Veen L.J.J. Janssen 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2002,32(1):1-10
The removal of nickel ions from dilute solutions using a process that combines an ion-exchange bed with electrodialysis has been studied. The main aspects include: the concentration of nickel ions in the diluate, the voltage over the cell and the current density distribution along the ion-exchange bed. The current density distribution provides insight into the state of the bed as it is simultaneously loaded with Ni2+ and regenerated with an electric potential difference applied perpendicular to it. A simple model is used to describe the state of the bed and the quantity of nickel removed from it as a function of time. Under specific conditions the precipitation of metal hydroxides is observed in the compartment containing the ion-exchange bed. The results show that hydroxide precipitation is related to the nickel concentration in solution and the electric potential gradient across the bed. 相似文献
90.
Chih-Hung Wang Author Vitae Chih-Heng Yin Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Computers & Electrical Engineering》2006,32(5):364-375
The most efficient approach to a fair exchange is to use an off-line trusted third party (TTP for short) who gets involved only when a dispute between two parties occurs. However, exchanged secrets that are not protected properly may be exposed to the TTP when one of these two parties asks the TTP to mediate the dispute. The first work to protect exchanged secrets from TTP’s misuse was proposed by Franklin and Reiter in 1997. They provided an on-line semi-trusted third party instead of an off-line third party for a fair exchange. Their schemes forced the TTP to take part in the protocol for all the cases, and thus, deemed to be impractical.The present paper, introduces several models, including single and multiple TTPs, to focus the attention not only on security properties, but also on reliability functions. In the single TTP mode, our new scheme can protect the exchanged data through an efficient exchange protocol, whereas in the multiple TTP mode, we proposed an approach to balance the security level with the reliability of the system. 相似文献