Cover Picture: Toward Large‐Scale Alignment of Electrohydrodynamic Patterning of Thin Polymer Films (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2006)

By integrating lithography and self‐assembly via electrohydrodynamic instabilities, Russel and co‐workers are able to guide initially flat polymer films to evolve into periodic arrays of pillars over regions much greater in extent than their natural domain sizes, as detailed on p. 1992. Novel structures that involve a combination of linear ridges and pillars are also produced, mainly as as result of the dynamic merging among preformed pillars. To pattern thin polymer films via electrohydrodynamic instabilities, we design and utilize two different kinds of mask patterns to guide pillars into alignment over regions much greater in extent than their natural domain sizes. First, narrow protruding ridges that intersect to form regular patterns on the mask trigger the growth of pillars beneath. Later, square and triangular packings of pillars develop in the regions enclosed by those ridges, preserving the registry from one domain to the next over a much larger area than within individual domains in unpatterned portions of the mask. Second, small square protrusions that are prealigned into a large regular array on the mask guide the formation of square packings of pillars in domains that conform to the mask, forming a large array of pillars. Novel structures involving a combination of linear ridges and pillars are also produced mainly due to the dynamic merging among preformed pillars. Finally, we find vertex symmetry of the mask pattern is necessary for generating and preserving ordered patterns on the polymer film.     

Incombustible Polymer Electrolyte Boosting Safety of Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries with their portability, high energy density, and reusability are frequently used in today's world. Under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries leak, burn, and even explode. Therefore, improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a focus of attention. Researchers believe using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one can solve the lithium battery safety issue. Due to the low price, good processability and high safety of the solid polymer electrolytes, increasing attention have been paid to them. However, polymer electrolytes can also decompose and burn under extreme conditions. Moreover, lithium dendrites are formed continuously due to the uneven charge distribution on the surface of the lithium metal anode. A short circuit caused by a lithium dendrite can cause the battery to thermal runaway. As a result, the safety of polymer solid-state batteries remains a challenge. In this review, the thermal runaway mechanism of the batteries is summarized, and the batteries abuse test standard is introduced. In addition, the recent works on the high-safety polymer electrolytes and the solution strategies of lithium anode problems in polymer batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development direction of safe polymer solid lithium batteries is prospected.     

丙烯酸偕二硝基丙酯与苯乙烯的共聚合及共聚物性质

丙烯酸偕二硝基丙酯(DNPA)与苯乙烯(St)在乙酸乙酯溶液中自由基共聚反应得到DNPA-St共聚物,利用红外光谱法测定了共聚物的组成,从而测得了丙烯酸偕二硝基丙酯与苯乙烯的竞聚率,采用FT-IR、1H NMR、DSC等方法研究了DNPA-St共聚物的结构和热性能.研究结果表明,用Fineman-Ross方法,求得丙烯...     

变色材料的研究进展

介绍光致变色材料、热致变色材料和电致变色材料的变色原理、研究现状、制约发展的条件及其它们在军事伪装、汽车、建筑、纺织服装和日用品等领域的应用。重点探讨电致变色材料(导电高分子、无机与有机制成的复合薄膜、其他类高分子电致变色材料等)。在此基础上,对变色材料的发展趋势进行展望,并指出电致变色材料是未来发展的趋势。     

端环氧基聚丁二烯的合成研究

以端羟聚丁二烯(HTPB)为引发剂,三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂,环氧氯丙烷为单体,发生阳离子开环聚合反应,形成两端为氯化聚醚的聚丁二烯(CTPB).在碱性条件下,CTPB发生关环反应形成端环氧基聚丁二烯(ETPB).讨论了NaOH/CTPB摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对CTPB关环反应的影响.ETPB环氧值为0.549.考察了...     

聚合物共面波导行波电极电光调制器

用聚合物材料BPAN-NT设计并初步成功制作了共面波导(CPW)行波电极电光调制器。用反应离子刻蚀(RIE)的方法制作脊波导,通过电晕极化使芯层有电光效应,利用电镀方法制作厚行波电极。对调制器的各项特性参数进行了测试,测得调制器的微波损耗系数0α=0.9 dB/cm.(GHz)1/2、在1.317μm波长上Vπ=250 V,由此算得芯层材料的电光系数3γ3=3.7 pm/V,同时测得消光比为13.49dB、插入损耗为18.6 dB,在8 GHz的微波频率上观察到了调制光信号,理论计算3 dB光调制带宽为43.77 GHz。     

Controlled Folding of 2D Au–Polymer Brush Composites into 3D Microstructures

Microscale, quasi‐2D Au–polymer brush composite objects are fabricated by a versatile, controllable process based on microcontact printing followed by brush growth and etching of the substrate. These objects fold into 3D microstructures in response to a stimulus: crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes fold on immersion in MeOH, and poly(methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) brushes fold on addition of salt. Microcages and microcontainers are fabricated. A multistep microcontact printing process is also used to create sheets of Au–PGMA bilayer lines linked by a PGMA film, which fold into cylindrical tubes. The bending of these objects can be predicted, and hence predefined during the synthesis process by controlling the parameters of the gold layer, and of the polymer brush.     

The Effect of Nanotube Content and Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer–Nanotube Composite Fibers: Separating Intrinsic Reinforcement from Orientational Effects

We have measured the mechanical properties of coagulation‐spun polymer–nanotube composite fibers. Both the fiber modulus, Y, and strength, σ_B, scale linearly with volume fraction, V_f, up to V_f ～10%, after which these properties remain constant. We measured dY/dV_f = 254 GPa and dσ_B/dV_f = 2.8 GPa in the linear region. By drawing fibers with V_f < 10% to a draw ratio of ～60%, we can increase these values to dY/dV_f = 600 GPa and dσ_B/dV_f = 7 GPa. Raman measurements show the Herman's orientation parameter, S, to increase with drawing, indicating that significant nanotube alignment occurs. Raman spectroscopy also shows that the nanotube effective modulus, Y_Eff, also increases with drawing. We have calculated an empirical relationship between the nanotube orientation efficiency factor, η_o, and S. This allows us to fit the data for Y_Eff versus η_o, showing that the fiber modulus scales linearly with η_o, as predicted theoretically by Krenchel. From the fit, we estimate the nanotube modulus to be; Y_NT = 480 GPa. Finally, we show that the fiber strength also scales linearly with η_o, giving an effective interfacial stress transfer of τ = 40 MPa and a nanotube critical length of l_c=1250 nm. This work demonstrates the validity of the Cox‐Krenchel rule of mixtures and shows that continuum theory still applies at the near‐molecular level.     

光漂白法制备聚合物X连接型非线性光波导

研究了用光漂白方法制备ＰＭＭＡ／ＤＲ１聚合物Ｘ连接型非线性波导。将波长为１０６４ｎｍ的ＹＡＧ脉冲激光通过光纤耦合到波导中,研究了波导两口光波模式转换情况,并观察到了光信号的自开关效应,材料的非线性折射率和双光子吸收影响了自开关强度的大小。     

CdSe/ZnS量子点掺杂聚合物光纤放大器增益特性分析

提出了一种半导体量子点CdSe/ZnS掺杂聚合物光纤放大器。测量了CdSe/ZnS量子点吸收和发射光谱,采用二能级结构和速率方程的方法,全面描述了CdSe/ZnS量子点掺杂聚合物光纤放大器的增益性能。计算了放大器增益随量子点掺杂光纤长度、量子点掺杂浓度和信号光强度的变化,给出了不同泵浦光强条件下的增益谱线及半高全宽。结果表明,在mW量级的泵浦条件下,CdSe/ZnS量子点掺杂聚合物光纤放大器可获得35dB以上的增益,获得相同增益所需泵浦光强度只有同类型染料掺杂聚合物光纤放大器的万分之一。泵浦光强与量子点掺杂浓度之间存在最佳对应关系,单位泵浦功率激发的最佳量子点数为6.33×107/mW。在室温下,CdSe/ZnS量子点掺杂聚合物光纤放大器具有550nm～610nm的带宽,含盖了聚合物光纤的低损窗口。