母线洞对地下洞室群施工期风流行为的影响研究

基于CFD技术，采用标准k-ε湍流模型，分别建立地下洞室群风流场单相流模型和CO扩散混合模型。对施工期通风风流行为进行三维数值模拟，分析了母线洞贯通前后主厂房的风流场分布和厂房内不同位置CO浓度分布随时间的变化趋势。结果表明：母线洞贯通后使得主厂房内低速涡旋区增大，造成厂房底部施工工作面附近风流场紊乱，在工作面附近区域形成污染物滞留区。这易导致主厂房和主变室之间形成污风循环，对安全施工造成影响。     

Comparison of cavern formation in massive salt blocks with single-well and two-well systems

The authors of this article have conducted a comparison study to investigate the construction characteristics of both single-well and two-well systems; two model experiments were conducted using large-size moulded rock salt specimens. An experimental platform was designed to simulate the process of leaching and a theoretical equation of calculating and predicting the cavern volume was derived. The experimental results illustrate that the variation trend of brine instantaneous concentration for single-well and two-well systems is identical, and an equilibrium state appears at last. Moreover, the equilibrium is reached early, after 5–8 pumping cycles. The construction rate in the two-well system is faster than the single-well system, and this phenomenon is observed mainly in the early periods (1–3 pumping cycles). Besides, the cavern shapes for the two construction methods are also found to be distinctive. The cavern of the single-well system has a circular cross section and an axisymmetric profile while that of the two-well system has an ovular cross section and a non-axisymmetric profile.     

Dynamic response of underground gas storage salt cavern under seismic loads

A dynamic elastoplastic damage constitutive model is proposed based on the failure characteristic of rock salt under seismic loads. The coding of the proposed model is achieved by the embedded FISH (short for FLACish) language of FLAC^3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua). Numerical models of bedded salt cavern gas storage facilities in China are developed by using FLAC^3D, and the proposed constitutive model is used in the simulations. The effects of seismic input angle, seismic acceleration, seismic moment, types of seismic waves, and gas pressure on the dynamic response, stress, displacement, plastic zone, and safety factor (SF) of rock masses that surround salt cavern gas storage facilities are studied. Results show that the seismic wave perpendicular to the surface poses the greatest risk to the safety of the cavern. With an increase in seismic acceleration, the cavern’s SF decreases and that of the lower structure of the cavern decreases more than that of the upper section. Plastic zones propagate from the cavern’s internal surface to the pillar, and then to the pillar and floor along the right and left corners of the cavern bottom. Higher internal gas pressure improves cavern safety. The acceleration and duration of seismic waves are critical factors in ensuring the safety of the cavern. The SF of the cavern’s lower structure is more sensitive to changes in seismic parameters than that of the other locations, which makes the cavern bottom more likely to be destroyed during an earthquake. Therefore, the lower structure should be the study target in the seismic design for a salt cavern gas storage facility. Results have been used in the seismic design of salt cavern gas storage facilities in China.     

AutoLISP在洞室开挖测量资料处理中的应用

水电站的洞室开挖，铁路、公路的交通遂道开挖，对超欠挖都有严格的控制指标，内业计算及成图都比较繁琐。为此，利用AutoLISP编程，实现了洞室超欠挖值及面积的计算，同时可实现断面图的绘制，并可在图上自动标注超欠挖值。实践证明，利用AutoLISP编程进行洞室开挖测量资料的处理可大大提高工作效率。     

冶勒水电站砂砾胶结岩洞室爆破

本文根据冶勒水电站盖重料砂砾胶结岩洞室爆破的爆破试验及爆破参数的选择。对软岩洞室爆破进行了叙述并总结提出了几点施工经验。     

地下盐穴处理核废料的方法

核废料对环境和人类安全具有较大危害,如何安全高效处理常常是困扰人类的棘手问题,目前认为有效的处理方式是深部埋藏处理,利用盐穴进行核废料的深埋处理是一种较为安全的方法。盐穴就是在地下盐层中通过钻井,利用水循环的方法,将盐层溶解,最终形成一个体积较大的空洞。利用地下盐穴可以进行各种工业废料的埋藏处理,特别是对具有放射性污染的核废料。建设埋藏放射性核废料的盐穴需要选择地质条件好,具有良好封闭性的盐层中,造穴方式主要是通过水溶洗盐形成地下溶洞。埋藏核废料需要通过一系列的特定工艺才能完成,放射性核废料埋藏处理后需要进行监测以防止产生污染事故。一般来说,由于地下盐穴埋深大、盐穴封闭性好,具有较高的安全性。利用盐穴进行核废料的埋藏具有费用低、容量大、占地少、安全性高等优点,是一种可以推广应用的核废料处理新方法。     

四台矿均压硐室的优化与研究

四台矿属于近距离容易自燃煤层开采,综采工作面采用均压通风系统。在进风顺槽中布置的本巷均压硐室,风机吸风口距离均压风门近,吸风风流经过带式输送机,往往会造成均压风门漏风严重,均压硐室周围温度较高、煤尘较大。据此四台矿优化均压硐室布置方式,采用独立均压硐室代替先前的本巷均压硐室。对优化前后的数据进行研究分析,得出独立均压硐室的应用在减少风门漏风量,降低温度,抑制煤尘方面均有很大改善,实践证明了采用独立均压硐室的可行性及优点。     

人工鱼群投影寻踪回归在洞室岩爆预测中的应用

通过对国内外地下工程施工中所发生岩爆的实例进行分析,探讨了岩爆发生的机理,得出了影响岩爆发生的主要因素为:围岩最大切向应力σθ、岩石单轴抗压强度σc、岩石单轴抗拉强度σt和岩石冲击倾向指数Wet。针对传统岩爆预测分析方法存在的问题,提出了基于人工鱼群算法岩爆预测的投影寻踪方法,并建立了相应的岩爆预测分析模型。选取15个工程实例作为训练样本、3个工程实例作为预测样本,以σθ/σc、σc/σt及Wet3个指标作为影响岩爆发生主要参数,进行了地下洞室的岩爆预测实例检验。研究表明,用投影寻踪回归分析法进行岩爆预测,评价过程中无需人为确定权重,避免了传统预测方法由于主观原因造成的误差,预测结果具有较高的准确率、方法简单,为岩爆的预测提供了新途径。     

石油战略储备的新领域--地下盐穴储库

油气资源储备是平抑油价、稳定供求关系、应对突发事件和保障国家社会经济安全的有效手段。建设地下盐穴储库、进行油气资源储备,在中国是开拓性的新的战略储备领域。介绍了采用水溶岩盐形成地下盐穴储库工程的特点,论述了利用地下岩盐构造的建库条件、建设盐穴储库设计方法和建库工程方面的关键技术。建设地下盐穴储库对于我国建设"西气东输"长距离输气管道系统的安全配套工程、开辟石油战略储备的新领域都具有实际参考价值。     

锦屏一级水电站地下厂房洞室群稳定性分析与思考

 首先对修建于我国西南地区雅砻江干流上重要的梯级电站—— 锦屏一级水电站地下厂房洞室群的巨大规模、布置的复杂性,以及在极高地应力作用,和受到3条大断层及多组节理切割等复杂地质条件下,由于岩体强度较低及工程地质条件的不利组合,对地下厂房洞室群的稳定性提出的严峻挑战进行介绍。对该地下厂房洞室群施工中出现的远远超过同等规模的其他地下厂房的围岩变形,并表现出明显的时效性,还有衬砌开裂、围岩松动区持续加深、已经施工的锚杆锚索张力超限以及突然释放等各种特殊现象进行描述;然后从高地应力特点、岩体流变特性、变形特性等角度对这些现象产生的原因进行初步分析;最后针对上述情况对渐进性支护施工、分级控制锚索初始锁定张力、松动圈强化固结等若干对策的可行性进行探讨。