间隙空化对贯流式水轮机压力脉动特性的影响

许多贯流式水电站机组振动严重、噪声大,部分电站难以正常运行.目前的贯流式水轮机稳定性研究多侧重于转速频率和涡带频率,对高倍转速频率压力脉动危害性及其成因关注较少.本文将空腔危害水力机械稳定性理论应用于灯泡贯流式水轮机间隙空化研究,采用理论分析和原、模型试验验证相结合的方法,论证分析了间隙空化和高倍转速频率压力脉动的联系...     

Application of signal processing techniques to the detection of tip vortex cavitation noise in marine propeller

The tip vortex cavitation and its relevant noise has been the subject of extensive researches up to now. In most cases of experimental approaches, the accurate and objective decision of cavitation inception is primary, which is the main topic of this paper. Although the conventional power spectrum is normally adopted as a signal processing tool for the analysis of cavitation noise, a faithful exploration cannot be made especially for the cavitation inception. Alternatively, the periodic occurrence of bursting noise induced from tip vortex cavitation gives a diagnostic proof that the repeating frequency of the bursting contents can be exploited as an indication of the inception. This study, hence, employed the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) analysis and the Detection of Envelope Modulation On Noise (DEMON) spectrum analysis, both which are appropriate for finding such a repeating frequency. Through the acoustical measurement in a water tunnel, the two signal processing techniques show a satisfactory result in detecting the inception of tip vortex cavitation.     

EFFECTS OF ENTRAINED AIR MANNER ON CAVITATION DAMAGE

Early in 1953 the experiments by Peterka proved that air entrainment has effects on decreasing cavitation damage.This technology has been widely used in the release works of high dams since the inception of air entrainment in the Grand Goulee Dam in 1960.Behavior,mechanism and application of air entrainment for cavitation damage control have been investigated for over half century.However,severe cavitation damage happened due to complex mechanism of air entrainment.The effects of air entrainment are related...     

LES NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CAVITATION BUBBLE SHEDDING ON ALE 25 AND ALE 15 HYDROFOILS

A cavitation calculation scheme is developed and applied to ALE 15 and ALE 25 hydrofoils, based on the Bubble Two-phase Flow (BTF) cavity model with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology. The Navier-Stokes equations including cavitation bubble clusters are solved through the finite-volume approach with a time-marching scheme. Simulations are carried out in a 3-D field with a hydrofoil ALE 15 or ALE 25 at an angle of attack of 8° and cavitation number σ = 2.3 with a 2 × 10⁶, meshing system. With the time-marching, the cavitation bubble gradually grows to a steady lump shape and then produces an irregular small bubble behind the main cavitation bubble, finally shedding from the leading edge of the cloud cavitation structure. The calculated results including velocity field and pressure field are consistent with experiment data at the same Reynolds number and cavitation number. The vortex and reverse flow are observed on the hydrofoil surface.     

带空泡运动航行体的附加质量研究

提出了确定带自然空泡运动物体附加质量的方法.这一方法基于在数值水洞中作摇荡运动物体的水动力计算, 包括两个主要步骤:首先采用CFD技术模拟空泡流场,求解水动力;然后根据物体运动方程,由水动力计算出附加质量.研究了带自然空泡圆盘和轴对称细长体的附加质量.计算结果与理论解一致,验证了本文方法的有效性.与切片法相比,本文方法可以更为准确地定量预报带空泡运动轴对称细长体的附加质量.     

台阶式溢洪道滑掠流时均压强影响因素分析

由于台阶式溢洪道结构特殊,流态复杂,对台阶式溢洪道压强并未取得一致性的研究成果。对多个台阶式溢洪道滑掠流时均压强资料进行分析,探讨来流流量、掺气、台阶尺寸、溢洪道坡度等对台阶式溢洪道时均压强的影响。分析结果表明单宽流量大,时均压强变大;掺气可有效降低正压时均压力并增加负压值;台阶尺寸对台阶式溢洪道的影响较为复杂,台阶尺寸较小,且坡度较缓时竖直面压强呈中间小、两头大分布,坡度较大时具有2个压力极小值,位于竖直面底部和顶部,台阶尺寸较大时竖直面压强自下而上呈减小趋势;坡度增加,台阶式溢洪道压强变化幅度增大。     

亭子口水电站跌坎消力池减压模型试验研究

采用1:40减压模型,通过测试流态、水下噪声和脉动压力等水力参数,对亭子口水电站闸墩尾部跌坎式底流消力池的空化空蚀特性进行了研究。成果表明：闸墩尾部区域存在强度为发展阶段的剪切流空化,采用8.00 m高度的跌坎消力池后,消力池底板空蚀破坏的可能性较小;但消力池边墙与闸墩内壁侧扩距离较小时,边墙空蚀破坏的可能性较大;消力池边墙与闸墩内壁侧扩距离增至4.20 m时,边墙空蚀破坏的可能性显著降低。     

积石峡水电站中孔泄洪洞工作闸门门槽体形研究

 对于闸后为无压明流的平板工作闸门门槽,其水力特性与处在压力段内的事故闸门门槽相差较大。借助于数值计算的帮助,通过对积石峡水电站中孔泄洪洞工作闸门门槽体形试验研究,包括对原设计方案在内的6个方案的水力特性的比较,最后确定第三组修改方案,即加大门槽错距,扩大其下游棱角的弧半径及平缓后接坡度的优化方案,效果是比较好的。     

轴流式水轮机轮缘间隙流动引起的叶片正面头部空蚀磨损机理的研究

对轴流转桨式水轮机轮缘间隙流动及空化特性进行数值模拟和试验研究,重点分析轮缘间隙流动在正面头部泄漏流动所引起的泄漏涡带、二次流动的漩涡强度和空化特性,以及泄漏涡带旋转、二次流动的漩涡与空蚀和磨损之间的关系。通过对不同材料的特性比较,解释了材料特性与冲角之间的关系,综合阐述了泄漏流动所引起叶片正面头部空蚀与磨损联合作用产生破坏的机理。     

汽蚀对离心泵性能影响的实验研究

离心泵长时间运转后,会出现危害严重的汽蚀现象,造成泵性能下降,严重时影响泵的效率、寿命,甚至造成离心泵内部部件损坏。文章通过改变进口压力的方法对单泵、双泵并联、双泵串联等工况下汽蚀对离心泵性能影响进行实验研究。结果表明:当进口压力小于输送液体的饱和蒸汽压时,液体开始发生气化并伴随气泡产生,表明泵内发生汽蚀;汽蚀初期离心泵的效率开始下降,但表现不明显;随着汽蚀不断增大至严重汽蚀区时,Q 1~η曲线出现陡坡,效率出现明显下降并伴随嗡响。实验证明采用提高泵的进口压力等措施可适当减小汽蚀对泵性能的不利影响。