Sand corrosion,thermal expansion,and ablation of medium- and high-entropy compositionally complex fluorite oxides

Sand corrosion, thermal expansion, and ablation properties of a new class of medium- and high-entropy compositionally complex fluorite oxides (CCFOs) are examined as potential protective coating materials. Five binary oxides were mixed and sintered into dense, single-phase CCFOs of the general formula: [Hf_(1-2x)/3Zr_(1-2x)/3Ce_(1-2x)/3Y_xYb_x]O_2-δ (x = 0.2, 0.074, and 0.029). These CCFOs exhibit decreased molten sand infiltration and interaction at intermediate temperatures (1200-1300°C) in comparison with a cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) reference; however, at higher temperatures, the trend is reversed due to the increased chemical reactivity. The equimolar high-entropy (Hf_0.2Zr_0.2Ce_0.2Y_0.2Yb_0.2)O_2-δ exhibits no grain boundary penetration by molten sand at all examined temperatures (1200°C-1500°C), although reaction and precipitation are significant. Moreover, these CCFOs exhibit higher intrinsic thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) than the YSZ reference, thereby being more compatible with Ni-based superalloys. The 8YSZ-like (Hf_0.284Zr_0.284Ce_0.284Y_0.074Yb_0.074)O_2-δ exhibits the highest CTE in this series of CCFOs due to oxygen clustering effects. Finally, these CCFOs also exhibit lower emissivities and form unique faceted microstructures in ablative environments.     

用含Pb、As、Sn地方生铁砂型铸造生产D型石墨铸铁的研究

基于Ph、As、Sn等元素有增大铁液过冷倾向的作用，利用含Ph、As、Sn的地方生铁，采用合金化和砂型铸造可以获得D型石墨铸铁，对其工艺方案进行了研究。用正交试验法设计试验方案，得到最佳工艺方案为：在亚共晶成分（WB％：3．2C，2．1si）的铁液中加入适量的铝（0．6％）和钛（0．8％），可以得到含有100％D型石墨的铸铁，其抗拉强度最高可达276MPa。     

Mechanism and prediction of failure of diamond films deposited on various substrates by HFCVD

Diamond films were deposited on the WC-Co cemented carbide and Si3N4 ceramic cutting tool substrates by hot-filament-assisted chemical vapour deposition. The adherence property of diamond films was estimated using the critical load (Pcr) in the indentation test. The adhesive strength of diamond films is related to the intermediate layer between the film and the substrate. Poor adhesion of diamond films to polished cemented carbide substrate is owing to the formation of graphite phase in the interface. The adhesion of diamond films deposited on acid etched cemented carbide substrate is improved, and the peeling-off of the films often happens in the loosen layer of WC particles where the cobalt element is nearly removed. The diamond films' adhesion to cemented carbide substrate whose surface layer is decarbonizated is strengthened dramatically because WC phase forms by reaction between the deposited carbon and tungsten in the surface layer of substrates during the deposition of diamond, which results in chemical combination in the film-substrate interface. The adhesion of diamond films to silicon nitride substrate is the firmest due to the formation of chemical combination of the SiC intermediate layer in the interfaces. In the piston-turning application, the diamond-coated Si3N4 ceramic and the cemented carbide cutting tools usually fail in the form of collapsing of edge and cracking or flaking respectively. They have no built-up edge(BUE) as long as coating is intact.As it wears through, BUE develops and the cutting force on it increases 1 - 3 times than that prior to failure. This can predict the failure of diamond-coated cutting tools.     

易溃散覆膜砂的应用及发展前景

介绍了覆膜砂用于轻合金铸件生产时溃散性差的原因和提出了改善的办法,并介绍了其发展前景.     

自拔倒锥湿芯新工艺

以生产电瓷钢帽为例，介绍了自拔倒锥湿芯新工艺的技术特点，并与生产同类产品的老工艺相比，对经济效益做了对比。     

特种覆膜砂粘结机理的研究

运用扫描电镜对特种覆膜砂试样的破坏机理进行了分析,研究了酚醛树脂粘结剂用于特种砂时的粘结机理。研究结果表明：采用偶联剂进行表面处理的特种覆膜少具有较高的强度,其关键在于偶联剂使树脂与特种砂砂粒间断裂方式由附着断裂转变为内聚断裂,表明偶联剂能改善特种砂粒表面与树脂的粘附性,使树脂更为牢固地附着在砂粒表面,充分发挥树脂的粘结效率。     

硬质合金与钢的热等静压扩散连接

研究了硬质合金ＹＧ１５Ｃ与４５~＃碳钢的热等静压扩散连接工艺，探讨厂连接温度、压力、保温保压时间、中间夹层及其厚度和连接残余热应力等对接合强度的影响．结果表明：热等静压扩散连接强度强烈依赖于连接温度，受控于连接后因ＹＧ１５Ｃ与４５~＃钢热膨胀失配而产生的残余热应力。采用镍箔作中间夹层可有效地减小残余热应力对连接的影响，显著提高接合强度．     

4102柴油机缸体起皮问题研究

缸体的覆膜砂芯脱壳引起间隙，浇注时铁液钻入其内形成起皮缺陷。砂芯脱壳的原因与制芯设备、制芯材料、制芯工艺有关。解决措施是：①提高覆膜砂的高温性能；②增加砂芯的结壳厚度；③适当降低射砂压力；④调整模具温度；⑤改进制芯机的射砂、排气、加热和冷却系统。     

粘土砂湿型用醇基涂料及其应用

粘土砂湿型铸造,铸件表面容易产生粘砂。某厂采用粘土砂湿型生产拖拉机铸件,也遇到了铸件表面粘砂的问题。通过不断选择醇基涂料悬浮剂,调整涂料的配比,最后采用SN-1悬浮剂,经试验和应用取得较好的效果。     

湿型砂力学本质特征曲线的研究

用自制的型砂多项性能测试仪，获得了型砂抗压、松弛、抗剪和抗拉测试过程中的应力-应变本质特征曲线，并对它们进行了深入研究，在特征曲线上确定了反映型砂本质性能的8项性能参数，考察了膨润土含量和紧实率对型砂本质特征曲线和型砂性能参数的影响。型砂力学本质特征曲线决定于型砂的内部微观组织结构，反映出型砂的粘弹性和粘塑性等本质性能，体现出型砂在受力变形过程中的微变形本质特征。