基于溢流环换能器液腔的水听器校准系统

针对溢流环换能器液腔振动表现出的优秀低频特性,提出利用溢流环换能器液腔内部声场进行低频校准的校准方法。首先分析了溢流环换能器液腔特性,并在现有刚性罐体的基础上,构造出了一套无须激振台,以溢流环换能器为低频声源,溢流环换能器液腔为两端开口振动液柱的低频比较法校准系统。通过实验测量确定了液柱高度为15 cm处的圆心位置为最佳的比较法测量点,实验测试该点在100~1400 Hz频段的径向声压变化不超过5%。对Ф20 mm球型水听器进行比较法测量,在100~1000 Hz频段的测量结果与标准校准结果最大偏差为0.8 dB,测量不确定度为1 dB。结果表明,以溢流环液腔为基础构造的低频校准系统是可行的。     

基于红外光学原理的便携式甲烷报警仪

提出了基于红外光学原理的便携式甲烷报警仪的设计方案,详细介绍了报警仪的硬件电路设计、软件设计、光学气室结构、外形结构设计及标定技术。该报警仪采用红外光源、高精度干涉滤光片一体化热释电探测器和单光束双波长技术,配合镀金膜气室实现对CH4等气体的实时检测,具有不易老化、响应快、灵敏度好、性能稳定、抗干扰能力强等优点。     

便携式光离子化有害气体检测仪的设计

针对室内空气污染源的多样性与传统气体检测器检测种类的单一性的矛盾,设计了一种能够同时检测多种气体的新型便携式光离子化气体检测仪.该检测仪采用了MEMS结构的离子化室和混合信号级微处理器C8051F040,减小了仪器体积,降低了仪器功耗.利用单片机控制电流跨导增益的方法,实现了仪器的双量程数据采集功能,保证了仪器在两个量...     

一种新型机载防浪涌电压保护电路设计

设计了一种新型的机载过压保护电路.该电路以芯片LT4356和APL502L为主要器件,简单可靠,能够满足防80 V/50 ms浪涌电压要求.介绍了该防浪涌电压保护电路主要特点和参数设计,并对该电路进行了仿真分析.相应实验结果表明,该电路是一种可靠有效的机载过压保护电路.     

Genetic adaptive state estimation

A genetic algorithm (GA) uses the principles of evolution, natural selection, and genetics to offer a method for parallel search of complex spaces. This paper describes a GA that can perform on-line adaptive state estimation for linear and nonlinear systems. First, it shows how to construct a genetic adaptive state estimator where a GA evolves the model in a state estimator in real time so that the state estimation error is driven to zero. Next, several examples are used to illustrate the operation and performance of the genetic adaptive state estimator. Its performance is compared to that of the conventional adaptive Luenberger observer for two linear system examples. Next, a genetic adaptive state estimator is used to predict when surge and stall occur in a nonlinear jet engine. Our main conclusion is that the genetic adaptive state estimator has the potential to offer higher performance estimators for nonlinear systems over current methods.     

A Chamber for Testing the Release of Volatile Substances Secreted by Animals,Especially Mammals,as Exemplified by Substances Released by Rats in Response to Stress

Abstract

The success of the testing of volatile organic compounds emitted by animals is dependent on the creation of appropriate conditions for air sampling subsequently used to assay and identify the compounds. These conditions play a particularly important role in the investigation of pheromones, which are secreted in extremely low concentrations. The authors have not come across any previous work which offers constructional solutions, which would allow avoidance of contamination of the air samples containing volatile substances secreted by animals.

A constructional solution was developed, which provides optimal conditions for their sampling and isolation. Its main advantages are as follows: the exposure chamber (the chamber in which the animal is studied) is filled with synthetic air; the exposure chamber is separated from the atmospheric air with a synthetic air “jacket”; the exposure chamber has been constructed using materials which do not release chemicals and absorb them in trace quantities.     

Calendar of Future Meetings Involving IWRA

ABSTRACT

Irrigation-water-delivery systems are designed and managed to receive water from a source and to distribute it among farmers in order to meet their agricultural requirements. High system performance can be achieved through rehabilitation of deteriorating and inadequate physical facilities and through improved system management. Various design decisions must be made in order to rehabilitate or develop irrigation-water-delivery systems, including those related to specification of the characteristics of hydraulic structures used to convey regulate, or divert water

This study develops and applies a response surface methodology (RSM) for achieving optimal design for hydraulic structures in irrigation-water-delivery systems in canal networks. This approach provides a means of understanding system behavior through developing a response surface in terms of a mathematical expression representing system performance as affected by design decisions. Design decisions include pipe diameters for diversion and regulating structures. Simulation of steady spatially varied flow was incorporated into the response surface methodology to determine high-performance low-cost solutions.

Objectives of adequacy, efficiency dependability, and equity of water delivery were considered in defining water delivery performance. Fuzzy membership functions were used to address subjectivity associated with interpreting expected values of performance measures associated with each of the prescribed objectives.

This study is an extension of a previous study by Alshaikh [1]. That study reported the application of RSM on a single canal case while herein RSM was used for the case of a canal network. Though, in general, RSMs for large-scale branched systems are computationally intensive, this proposed methodology overcomes this drawback. The approach constitutes a significant easy-to-use step forward in the development of comprehensive systems-scale techniques for the design of structural components of irrigation-water-delivery systems.     

高压水射流技术在向家坝深井泵房排水管道清洗中的应用

向家坝水电站左岸深井泵房内的4条排水管道负责清排大坝注浆过程中的施工用水、消力池渗水、混凝土冷却水等.临近大坝蓄水、首批机组发电,排水管道部分阻塞,无法达到设计排水要求,给大坝蓄水造成了安全隐患.通过分析管道堵塞原因,提出了利用高压水射流技术清洗疏通排水管道的施工工艺,实践表明,向家坝水电站深井泵房排水管道清洗方案安全可靠,效果明显.     

T型连接井交汇水流数值模拟

A numerical simulation is made on Wangqingtuo T-junction Chamber, the confluence in the downstream junction chamber without outlet is analyzed, and then the impact of the direction of the inflow from reservoir on the flow pattern in the downstream triple-hole box culvert and the position of the full-uniform flow through the downstream cross-section is estimated as well. The study result can provide a reference for the similar project concerned.     

基于CFD的新型结构静压油垫数值仿真技术

为了提高重载数控机床静压转台的承载能力和油膜刚度,提出了一种具有多环形流道油腔和阻尼型封油边结构的新型静压油垫,并对其性能进行了研究.在对静压油垫结构优化设计的基础上,利用CFD(computationalfluid dynamics)数值仿真技术,采用二维轴对称流动模型对新型结构静压油垫的流场特性进行了仿真分析,得到了新型静压油垫的内部流场特性,计算出油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度,并与单腔体、单平面封油边结构的静压油垫进行了对比.研究表明:新型静压油垫能通过在阻尼流道和阻尼槽内形成紊流,增加流动液阻,实现压力增益,并可在阻尼槽处产生局部静压效应,从而使新型结构静压油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度较传统结构静压油垫有所提高;此外,采用CFD技术有助于对复杂结构的静压油垫进行优化设计与性能计算,从而提高设计效率和计算准确性.