电子仪器发展趋势

本文在回顾了电子仪器近百年发展的历史的基础上,对国际电子仪器制造商、电子仪器行业及电子仪器本身的发展趋势,以及我国电子仪器的发展情况进行了分析归纳和总结.     

我国电力工业和发电技术未来发展趋势

传统工业化走的是通过高消耗追求经济数量增长和先污染后治理的道路。介绍在传统工业化面临严重危机的背景下,可持续发展战略和新型工业化的兴起和特点,充分体现了未来发展的要求。在分析、总结世界能源发展的经验和规律的同时,对未来世界能源发展进行了宏观预测。以科学发展观为指导,采用未来学的方法,结合我国国情、发展现状和近中期发展目标,对本世纪特别是21世纪前20a我国电力工业和发电技术趋势进行了初步探讨,对国家能源安全等问题进行讨论。     

The application of microencapsulated phase‐change materials to nylon fabric using direct dual coating method

The fabrication of functional textiles able to provide thermal regulation and comfort for the body has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This research investigated fabric coatings containing energy absorbing, temperature stabilizing, phase‐change material microcapsules (PCMMcs), and their methods of application. Specifically, a coated fabric was directly prepared by a dual‐type coating method, in which the PCMMcs were dispersed in a polyurethane coating solution with no binder. The thermal performances of the dual‐coated samples were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and their physical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy, thermal vision camera, porosity, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and water entry pressure (WEP) analyses. Furthermore, the microclimate characteristics of the thermally enhanced fabrics were investigated under experimental conditions using a human‐clothing‐environment (HCE) simulator system. The study results confirmed the superior performance of the dual‐coated fabrics in terms of thermal regulation and body comfort, compared with those coated by the dry or wet coating method, because of the improved WEP, WVTR, and thermal performance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

对中国白酒业的忧思

中国白酒产业在20世纪80—90年代，曾经是“高税高利”产业。“利大于税”曾一度成为白酒产业的巨大经营优势。1994年以后，国家相继对白酒税收做了几次重大调整，至此，白酒产业已成“昨日黄花”，风光不再。2002年整体亏损面近1／3，亏损总额达8亿元。前50家企业年资产回报率大部分在3％—5％。相当一部分企业不足1％。因此。白酒产业呼唤“公平待遇”，希望国家为酒立法，“公平税赋”，让白酒业焕发新的生机，为国家“全面建设小康社会”做出新的贡献。(小雨)     

公路工程变更与索赔

介绍了公路工程施工中引起的各种索赔问题，阐述了索赔的方法与技巧，指出只有掌握和运用索赔理由和方法，才能有效地控制成本，提高经济效益。     

Performance variability is related to change in cognition: Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study.

Performance variability across repeated task administrations may be an important indicator of age-related cognitive functioning. In the present investigation, the authors examined whether age differences and change in inconsistency were related to 6-year (3 occasion) cognitive change. Inconsistency scores were computed from 4 reaction time tasks performed by 446 older adults (54-89 years). Replicating previous cross-sectional results, greater inconsistency was observed for older participants even after controlling for differences in response speed. New longitudinal results demonstrated (a) associations between inconsistency at baseline measurement and 6-year change in cognitive performance; (b) longitudinal change in inconsistency; and (c) intraindividual covariation between 6-year change in inconsistency and 6-year change in level of cognitive function. These findings support the view that performance variability serves as a marker of cognitive aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computations of Explosive Boiling in Microgravity

Dynamics of the explosive growth of a vapor bubble in microgravity is investigated by direct numerical simulation. A front tracking/finite difference technique is used to solve for the velocity and the temperature field in both phases and to account for inertia, viscosity, and surface deformation. The method is validated by comparison of the numerical results with the available analytical formulations such as the evaporation of a one-dimensional liquid/vapor interface, frequency of oscillations of capillary waves, and other numerical results. Evolution of a three-dimensional vapor nucleus during explosive boiling is followed and a fine scale structure similar to experimental results is observed. Two-dimensional simulations yield a similar qualitative instability growth.     

Failures of retrieval and comparison constrain change detection in natural scenes.

In a change detection paradigm, a target object in a natural scene either rotated in depth, was replaced by another object token, or remained the same. Change detection performance was reliably higher when a target postcue allowed participants to restrict retrieval and comparison processes to the target object (Experiment 1). Change detection performance remained excellent when the target object was not attended at change (Experiment 2) and when a concurrent verbal working memory load minimized the possibility of verbal encoding. (Experiment 3). Together, these data demonstrate that visual representations accumulate in memory from attended objects as the eyes and attention are oriented within a scene and that change blindness derives, at least in part, from retrieval and comparison failure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)