生物滤池工艺对微污染水处理的效果

考察了竹炭和珊瑚砂作为填料的生物滤池对微污染水的处理效果。结果表明,该填料生物滤池对色度、浊度、SS、氨氮、CODMn的平均去除率分别为73.9%和60.4%、72.7%和83.8%、59.8%和67.1%、96.8%和83.6%、43.4%和51.6%。为获得优良的出水水质,并考虑到基建投资费用的经济性,建议用竹炭和珊瑚砂作填料处理微污染水时,生物滤池的水力负荷不宜大于5 m3(/m2.h),填料高度以85 cm为宜。     

BCFC的制备和成型机理及燃烧特性

通过实验确定了生物质煤基燃料炭(BCFC)的制备工艺,研究了BCFC的成型机理和燃烧特性.结果表明,BCFC的制备工艺是将禹州煤、玉米秸秆和黏结剂按照81∶6∶13的质量比混合成型,再经700℃炭化处理.生物质型煤的内部结构、禹州煤和有机黏结剂的黏结性是BCFC成型的保证.市售燃料炭在燃烧初期燃烧强度较大,但持久性逊于BCFC,这与二者挥发分、固定碳和发热量的差异有关.     

竹炭聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料性能的研究

在聚氨酯泡沬中添加竹炭微粒,运用一步发泡法制备了不同竹炭含量的软质泡沫塑料,测试了该泡沫塑料的密度、力学性能、色差、负离子释放能力及远红外发射率。结果表明,该泡沫塑料的密度、负离子释放能力、回弹率、远红外发射率均随着复合竹炭粉含量的增加而增加;而拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度却随着复合竹炭粉含量的增加而减少;复合竹炭粉含量为8%(质量分数,下同)时的聚氨酯泡沫塑料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度分别为纯聚氨酯泡沫塑料的63.87%、57.04%、55.32%;当复合竹炭粉含量≤2%时,制备的竹炭聚氨酯泡沫塑料达到GB/T 10802—2006标准要求。     

梅花鹿胎盘水解液脱色效果的研究

梅花鹿胎盘酶解液有较重的色素。试验采用活性炭对鹿胎盘酶解液进行脱色,研究了不同pH值、活性炭用量、温度、脱色时间下活性炭对鹿胎盘酶解液的脱色效果的影响。由正交试验得出最佳工艺条件为pH值3.0、活性炭用量为2%、温度为40℃、脱色时间为100min,在此条件下鹿胎盘酶解液脱色率为87.77%,蛋白质损失率为40.23%。     

The Physicochemical Quality Characteristics of Charcoal Grilled Mackerels

ABSTRACT: :
The effects of different fuel sources used in grilling on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of mackerel were investigated. Oak and sawdust charcoals were used as fuel sources. The content of saturated fatty acids was increased during grilling. Histidine was the most predominant amino acid; grilling significantly increased glutamic acid. Mackerel shows a high inosine 5'-monophosphate content that is increased during grilling. Oak charcoal and sawdust charcoal contained high levels of potassium and sodium, respectively. Potassium content was increased at the surface muscle of oak charcoal grilled mackerel (OM). The flavor preference for OM was significantly (p < 0.05%) higher than for sawdust charcoal grilled mackerel. These results indicate that physicochemical and sensory properties of grilled foods can be affected by the fuel source.     

罗非鱼下脚料水解蛋白脱腥脱苦的研究

以罗非鱼下脚料为原料,用蛋白酶水解制取水解蛋白,水解产物含有较重的腥味和苦味。因而以蛋白质损失率、苦味值和腥味值为考察指标,采用活性炭通过单因素和正交实验对水解产物的脱腥脱苦工艺条件进行了探讨。确定最佳脱腥脱苦工艺条件为活性炭用量0.3%(w/v)、温度50℃、时间30min,在此条件下水解产物蛋白质损失率为5.8%,苦味值为3,腥味值为3,基本达到了脱苦脱腥的目的,提高水解蛋白的品质。     

印染废水脱色用竹炭的活化与再生

竹炭有较大的比表面积和吸附性，在印染废水处理中具有厂泛的应用前景．为了提高商品竹炭的吸附脱色性能，对竹炭的氢氧化钠活化及高温焙烘再生进行了研究．结果表明：活化最佳处理工艺为氢氧化钠浓度3mol／L，固液比1：8，活化24h；再生最佳工艺条件为400℃焙烘60min．活化后的竹炭对各种水溶性染料溶液的吸附脱色效果具有不同程度的提高．     

木素在育果套外袋纸中的应用

本文介绍了在育果套外袋纸中应用木素代替部分炭黑的实验。并研究了木素加入量对育果套外袋纸的各项重要指标的影响。     

Sorption equilibrium of Cr(VI) ions on oak wood charcoal (Carbo Ligni) and charcoal ash as low-cost adsorbents

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of oak wood charcoal (WC) and oak wood charcoal ash (WCA) as a low-cost adsorbent for environmental protection applications of Cr(VI) ion. The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, amount of adsorbent and ionic strength on the removal of Cr(VI) ion was studied. The adsorption of Cr(VI) with (WC) and (WCA) was investigated in a batch arrangement. The Cr(VI) ions sorbed onto the adsorbents were determined by a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The sorption of Cr(VI) on the adsorbent surface depends strongly on the pH and Cr(VI) ion-sorption increased with a decreasing pH until pH 2 and increase in the concentration of this metal in solution phase. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was higher between pH 2.0 and 2.5 for both adsorbents. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to describe observed sorption phenomena. The maximum adsorption capacity of 30.10 mg of Cr(VI)/g for (WC) and 46.17 mg of Cr(VI)/g for (WCA) was obtained at pH of 2 and 2.5 respectively.     

HPGe γ谱仪对主动式活性炭法中222Rn样品的探测效率研究

主动式活性炭吸附²²²Rn的方法中,吸附时间不同,²²²Rn在活性炭盒中的分布不均匀,这对HPGe γ谱仪测量分析中效率刻度产生影响。通过在标准氡室进行的主动式双滤膜活性炭吸附实验,分析得到不同吸附时间下HPGe γ谱仪对²²²Rn子体不同能量特征γ射线的探测效率和²²²Rn在双滤膜活性炭盒中进出口计数相对偏差,拟合得到两者之间的关系曲线,即不同能量特征γ射线下的探测效率与²²²Rn进出口计数相对偏差呈线性关系。通过实验得到双滤膜活性炭盒对氡吸附量的拟合曲线值与测氡仪实测值相对偏差绝对值小于5%,验证了该方法的正确性和可靠性。