龙川江水资源对气候变化的敏感性和适应性分析

龙川江流域是我国长江中上游地区极为典型的生态脆弱区,易受气候变化的影响,研究该地区的水资源脆弱性以及其应对气候变化的适应性对于该地区的水资源合理利用十分关键。从该地区水资源的时空分布规律、水利基础设施建设、水生态环境形势和应对气候变化能力4个方面,分别研究了龙川江流域水资源的脆弱性问题。并结合流域的实际情况,从水资源综合管理、水利工程设施建设、建立节水型社会、调整产业结构和依靠科技等方面,提出了提高应对气候变化能力的举措,及时为国家应对气候变化和防灾减灾提供科学支撑。     

海洋酸化研究进展

介绍了海洋酸化的原因及目前研究的一些进展。随着人类向大气中大量排放二氧化碳,引发了温室效应和海洋酸化等环境问题,海洋酸化将会导致海水碱度升高从而溶解更多的二氧化碳,还会导致海洋生物链发生变化,加快海洋生物数量的退化速度,并且海洋酸化会加剧一些全球气候问题。     

Sensitivity of juvenile salmonid growth to future climate trends

Seasonal temperature and bioenergetic models were coupled to explore the impacts on juvenile salmonid growth of possible climate‐induced changes to mean annual water temperature and snowpack in four characteristic ecoregions. Increasing mean temperature increases juvenile growth in streams that currently experience cool spring temperatures. In streams with currently warm spring temperatures, an increase shortens the duration of optimal conditions and truncates growth. A loss of snow enhances growth in cool‐summer streams and decreases growth in warm‐summer streams. The relative impacts of such climate change trends will vary significantly across ecoregions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Do organizational citizenship behaviors lead to information system success?: Testing the mediation effects of integration climate and project management

We adapted a model in organizational theory to determine whether organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) of system implementation teams influenced that organization's integration climate and improved their project management, resulting in successful system implementation. Surveys were elicited from 254 system users in various business organizations that had implemented large-scale IS in the previous year; the analysis of their responses provided support for our model, suggesting that the OCB of the implementation team created a higher level of integration climate and more effective project management, and that these in turn influenced information system success. Implications for researchers and managers are discussed and limitations are identified.     

基于TRNSYS的气候变化下“冷-热-电”联供系统运行优化

气候变化导致的极端天气给建筑负荷和冷、热、电联供(combined cooling heating and power, CCHP)系统供能策略带来很大的影响,以上海市某医院为主要研究对象,采用PRECIS软件预测该地区2025至2100年的温度变化,利用TRNSYS软件搭建医院能耗模型计算气候变化影响下的全年逐时负荷,构建了考虑负荷变化影响的“冷-热-电”联供系统运行优化模型,最终生成适应气候变化的供能系统运行方案。负荷预测结果表明,极端高温现象导致建筑的冷、热负荷呈现波动变化趋势,可能造成供需失衡,即夏季高温制冷不足和冬天暖冬供暖过剩的问题。与传统优化模型相比,该模型生成的系统协同运行方案可以增强用户体验,实现降本增效。     

Robust adaptive control for greenhouse climate using neural networks

This paper presents a general framework for robust adaptive neural network (NN)‐based feedback linearization controller design for greenhouse climate system. The controller is based on the well‐known feedback linearization, combined with radial basis functions NNs, which allows the feedback linearization technique to be used in an adaptive way. In addition, a robust sliding mode control is incorporated to deal with the bounded disturbances and the approximation errors of NNs. As a result, an inherently nonlinear robust adaptive control law is obtained, which not only provides fast and accurate tracking of varying set‐points, but also guarantees asymptotic tracking even if there are inherent approximation errors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高寒地区高铁运用安全冗余及其转向架优配解决方案

为解决高寒地区高铁运用安全冗余问题,应用基于抗蛇行频带吸能机制的稳定新理论提出转向架优配方案．针对三大扰动或摄动影响,即蛇行振荡参振质量摄动、抗蛇行减振器性能摄动以及风荷侧向扰动,该转向架优配方案合理挖掘欧系车辆技术优势,因此高速列车具有十分理想的稳定鲁棒性能,经济时速可以达到350～380km／h．考虑到SACHS抗蛇行减振器的技术可靠性,高寒车最佳商业速度不得不降至300km／h．尽管如此,高寒车的运用必须是个积极稳健的推进过程,即由200km／h逐步提速,最终达到300km／h运用．     

Reprocessing the MODIS Leaf Area Index products for land surface and climate modelling

Land surface and climate modelling requires continuous and consistent Leaf Area Index (LAI). High spatiotemporal resolution and long-time record data are more in demand nowadays and will continue to be in the future. MODIS LAI products meet these requirements to some degree. However, due to the presence of cloud and seasonal snow cover, the instrument problems and the uncertainties of retrieval algorithm, the current MODIS LAI products are spatially and temporally discontinuous and inconsistent, which limits their application in land surface and climate modelling. To improve the MODIS LAI products on a global scale, we considered the characteristics of the MODIS LAI data and made the best use of quality control (QC) information, and developed an integrated two-step method to derive the improved MODIS LAI products effectively and efficiently on a global scale. First, we used the modified temporal spatial filter (mTSF) method taking advantage of background values and QC information at each pixel to do a simple data assimilation for relatively low quality data. Then we applied the post processing-TIMESAT (A software package to analyze time-series of satellite sensor data) Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter to get the final result. We implemented the method to 10 years of the MODIS Collection 5 LAI data. In comparison with the LAI reference maps and the MODIS LAI data, our results showed that the improved MODIS LAI data are closer to the LAI reference maps in magnitude and also more continuous and consistent in both time-series and spatial domains. In addition, simple statistics were used to evaluate the differences between the MODIS LAI and the improved MODIS LAI.     

深圳蔬菜设施栽培与露地生产效益比较研究

通过对深圳市近几年蔬菜设施栽培的基本情况的调查,比较了各种不同设施栽培与露地生产的效果,提出深圳市未来设施栽培可持续发展的对策和措施,为有关职能部门制定菜篮子工程发展规划和更好地搞好深圳市的蔬菜生产提供参考。     

Sustainability education based on NetLogo modeling environment： Taking climate change simulation as an example

Sustainable development becomes more and more important in China, and sustainability education should be paid more attention to correspondingly. The concept of sustainability and necessity of sustainability education were introduced and analyzed respectively in the paper. As a technical tool of implementing sustainability education, NetLogo modeling environment was discussed in detail, including its features, functions and advantages. To present NetLogo＇s power in sustainability education, the example of climate change simulation was elaborated and operated. The simulation results show that NetLogo brings reasonable and interesting and vivid education.