白砂岩土的冻胀率试验研究

通过白砂岩土的冻胀率试验,分析了土体冻胀率与含水率、饱和度、以及干密度之间的变化规律,供讨论和参考。     

堤坝中防渗(复合)土工膜的布置型式及计算理论研究

复合土工膜作为一种良好的防渗材料可以布置在堤坝的上游面,有时还兼作铺盖进行联合防渗,也可以布置在堤坝的中间作为防渗心墙使用。结合(复合)土工膜的受力特性,分别论述了曲线交会法和有限元法选择(复合)土工膜的两种计算方法。在有限元法中,详细给出了用柔索单元模拟土工膜的计算过程,最后用工程实例说明了该法的可行性。     

百色水利枢纽大坝二等变形监测控制网测量

百色水利枢纽大坝初始变形监测控制网起算点遭到破坏,观测被迫中断,为了更好地对大坝进行监测,根据大坝及周围环境特点,针对现场复杂的测量条件,设计了大坝变形监测的二等基准控制网测量方案,采用测量机器人进行测量,并对外界条件的影响进行了改正。测量结果表明:测量控制网的测量精度较高,达到了预期目标。     

水平荷载作用下排桩受力变形影响因素分析

结合某排桩支护基坑工程,利用有限元软件ADINA建立基坑三维模型,通过改变桩长、桩径、桩侧水泥土墙和桩侧土体参数(弹性模量、泊松比)进行了三维有限元模拟,分析了几种因素对排桩变形的影响,得出的结论对类似地质条件的基坑工程支护具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Changes of Pan Evaporation in the Recent 40 Years in the Yellow River Basin

Abstract

Based on monitoring data of 123 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2000 near or in the Yellow River Basin, the spatial and temporal distributions and their trends for pan evaporation (PE) are investigated in this study. The results indicate that, despite the annual mean air temperature over the Yellow River Basin has, on average, increased by 0.6° over the past 40 years, the rate of PE has steadily decreased, especially in summer and spring. Compared with the period of 1960s to 1970s, the rate of annual pan evaporation during 1980s to 1990s has decreased by 126mm or 7.0 percent. Spatial distribution of the rate of change show that this kind of trend is general but not universal, PE has significantly decreased over the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but increased to a small degree over the middle reaches. Further analyses show that the decrease of PE is mainly related to reductions in sunshine durations and solar irradiance, owing to more clouds and aerosols.     

Modelling the Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources in Central Sweden

This article describes investigationsinto the effects of climate change on flow regimes oftwenty-five catchments (from 6 to 1293 km²) incentral Sweden. Hydrological responses of fifteenhypothetical climate change scenarios (e.g.combinations of T = +1, +2 and +4 °C andP = 0, ± 10%, ± 20%) were simulated by a conceptual monthly water balance model. The results suggest thatall the hypothetical climate change scenarios wouldcause major decreases in winter snow accumulation.Significant increase of winter flow and decrease ofspring and summer runoff were resulted from mostscenarios. Attendant changes in actualevapotranspiration were also examined for all climatechange scenarios. Despite the changes in seasonaldistribution of evapotranspiration, the change inannual total evapotranspiration was relatively smallwith the maximum change of 23% compared with the 76%for mean annual snow water equivalent changes and 52%for mean annual runoff changes. Such hydrologicresults would have significant implications on futurewater resources design and management.     

浅析我国局部地区干旱成因及抗旱战略问题

阐述干旱灾害的严重性和复杂性,解释我国干旱地区的干旱形成原因,分析了我国抗旱工作的战略对策,最后指出抗旱工作中的问题,并提出了几点建议。     

基于非线性有限元法的高拱坝坝肩岩体抗滑稳定分析

高拱坝的安全性在很大程度上依赖于坝肩岩体的稳定性,目前在设计中,高拱坝坝肩岩体稳定性分析方法主要是刚体极限平衡法,但该法不能考虑岩体的应力-应变关系,不能很好地反映坝肩岩体的破坏机理以及拱坝与坝肩岩体的相互作用效应。本文从摩擦理论和矢量几何出发,导出了三维可能滑体的抗滑稳定安全系数计算公式,并通过等参逆变换的方法,将非线性有限元法的计算成果纳入到所建立的公式中,形成了“基于非线性有限元的高拱坝坝肩岩体抗滑稳定分析方法“。具体工程的应用成果表明,所给出的基于非线性有限元的坝肩岩体抗滑稳定分析方法充分反映大坝与坝基岩体的共同作用效应,是进行高拱坝坝肩岩体稳定性分析的一种有效方法。     

基于弹塑性区间有限元的边坡稳定性分析

区间分析法是工程中对不确定问题进行分析的方法之一。现有区间分析法大多采用区间参数摄动法求解,其存在明显的局限性,特别对于弹塑性问题需采用增量法计算时,很难得到有效的解答。在边坡稳定性计算中采用区间变量来描述工程中的不确定性,将区间数学与弹塑性有限元相结合,建立了弹塑性区间有限元,推导了基于弹塑性区间有限元方法的边坡稳定性区间安全系数计算公式,这一方法能有效的避免区间参数摄动法的局限性。通过工程实例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。在此基础上探讨了岩土体参数对区间安全系数的影响。结果表明,内摩擦角对边坡安全系数的影响明显,重度、黏聚力影响较大,弹性模量和泊松比影响小。     

埋地管道开挖边坡有限元法优化设计

在埋地管道输水方案中,沟槽开挖坡比的大小直接影响施工安全、管材安装质量及工程投资与经济效益,因此,合理设计开挖坡比具有重大意义。以阜城—景县输水管道工程为工程背景,根据给定工程地质,基于有限元强度折减法,以ANSYS软件为计算工具,对沟槽开挖边坡进行安全稳定性计算。通过计算假定开挖坡比的边坡稳定性,获得不同开挖坡比下的沟槽边坡达到破坏时的安全系数,再根据选取的最优安全系数,确定最优开挖边坡。同时,基于上述方法,计算分析了开挖坡比与边坡安全系数的非线性关系,根据计算结果得出了有益结论与意见。