Lake Chivero: A management case study

Lake Chivero in Zimbabwe was shown to be hypereutrophic. Historical data showed that the eutrophication process had been arrested in the late 1970s. However, a combination of poor planning, multiplicity of jurisdiction, mismatch between rate of urbanization and waste management investment, recent changes in the local climate and a permissive, immature political system that called for no public accountability resulted in environmental management breakdown leading to hypereutrophication of the lake. The case of Lake Chivero is presented as an example of a wider global issue regarding the status of environmental management in competition with other priorities in emerging democracies.     

Daily impact of climate on the pattern of urban family life : Indigenous courtyard houses of Baghdad regions of the hot-dry climates Part I: Daily shifts or daily movements in summer

During the day, there are considerable variations in the climatic factors prevailing in these regions. This is especially so during the 24-hour daily cycle of the long, hot and dry summer (mid-May to midOctober). Such climatic conditions have had a considerable impact on the daily living pattern of family life in the same season, particularly in the urban areas. During the same 24-hour cycle, they have compelled the inhabitants to shift their living activities both vertically in section and horizontally in plan; they do this in pursuit of more acceptable, if not, desirable internal thermal environmental ambience.     

无线网状网技术与应用

无线网状网(WMNs)由网状路由器节点和客户机节点组成,其中的网状路由器节点组成了无线网状网的网络骨干,其移动性很小。他们一起为无线网状网和其他常规无线网络的客户机节点提供网络的无线接入。WMNs技术结合了中心式控制的蜂窝网与分布式控制的无线自组织网的优点,可有效克服这两种技术的缺陷并显著提高无线网络的性能,已经成为下一代无线通信网络的研究热点之一。WMNs可为无线个域网、局域网、校园网、城域网的一系列应用提供高速无线宽带接入服务。虽然目前WMNs技术发展很快,但其协议栈各层仍存在许多有待研究的课题。首先简要介绍了无线网状网的结构与特点;随后重点分析了其主要的几个应用领域;最后探讨了WMNs各协议层的研究现状与关键技术,并分析了该技术存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

Long-term energy scenarios for Mexico: Policy options for carbon savings and main barriers

This paper shows that possibilities exist for maintaining current energy-related carbon emissions per capita in Mexico at almost constant levels in the long term. It is argued, however, that the identified carbon emissions reductions will not be achieved easily or rapidly, as they require a restructuring of Mexico's current technological base and an unusual degree of coordination among the government, lending institutions, equipment manufacturers, and final users. Such changes also will entail surmounting major institutional and financial barriers and creating a better international environment for technology transfer and capital lending.     

Restoration of masonry facades, renders and final coats in a severe climate

The restoration of relatively old masonry buildings, 1870-1920, represents about 119930 flats and offices in the 4-5 largest cities in Norway. Driving rain and a severe climate are the key factors for deterioration. The paper describes a case study at the city campus of the University of Oslo.     

南水北调中线水源工程的突变多准则评价

应用突变多准则评价法对南水北调中线水源工程项目的多方案比选作出评价决策。该方法为专家决策系统提供一种数学方法 ,以便用计算机实现多目标、多层次、多方案的评价决策。     

Health and Indoor Climate Complaints of 7043 office Workers in 61 Buildings in the Netherlands

During the winter of 1988/1989, the relationships between the prevalence of work-related health and indoor climate complaints and a number of building, management, workplace and personal characteristics have been investigated in a study in more than 60 office buildings located throughout the Netherlands. To collect the information, a questionnaire was prepared on health and indoor climate complaints and personal and workplace characteristics. A checklist was used to obtain information on building characteristics More than 7000 questionnaires were completed by the regular users of the buildings investigated. The results showed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher in air-conditioned buildings than in naturally or mechanically ventilated buildings. some other variables were also related with most work-related complaints after adjustment for selected management, personal, workplace and job characteristics. These included gender, work satisfaction in general, presence of allergies and/or respiratory symptoms, and personal control over temperature at the workplace. No differences were found in symptom prevalences between buildings with spray and steam humidification. The combination of air-conditioning and humidification did not lead to further increases in the prevalence of complaints as compared to buildings with only airconditioning or only humidification.     

Use of climate scenarios to aid in decision analysis for interannual water supply planning

This work addresses the issue of climate change in the context of water resource planning on the time scale of a few years. Planning on this time scale generally ignores the role of climate change. However, where the climate of a region has already shifted, the use of historical data for planning purposes may be misleading. In order to test this, a case study is conducted for a region, the Australian Capital Territory, where long term drought is raising concerns of a possible climate shift. The issue is cast in terms of a particular planning decision; the option to augment water supply in the next few years to hedge against the drought persisting. A set of climate scenarios are constructed for the region corresponding to the historical climate regime and to regimes where progressively greater levels of change are assumed to have already taken place (5%, 10%, 20% reductions in mean rainfall). Probabilities of the drought persisting are calculated for each of the scenarios. The results show substantial increases in the probability of the drought persisting for even moderate reductions in mean rainfall. The sensitivity of the decision to augment supply to the scenario results depends ultimately on the planners tolerable thresholds for the probability of the drought persisting. The use of different scenarios enables planners to explore the sensitivity of the decision in terms of their risk tolerance to ongoing drought and to their degree of belief in each of the scenarios tested.     

无线传感器网络在温室环境监测中的应用研究

以温室环境监测为应用背景,分析温室环境监控的特点,给出温室环境监控的系统体系结构,并结合温室监控的具体应用提出节能的数据融合算法,仿真实验表明该算法能有效提高节点能量的利用率和延长网络生命周期。     

拉萨河流域径流对土地利用和气候变化的响应分析

拉萨河流域处青藏高原中南部,因其独特的地理位置是对气候变化较为敏感的区域之一,同时也是青藏高原人口和耕地较为密集区域。在建立SWAT模型对拉萨河流域水循环过程进行模拟的基础上,通过设置不同气候情景与土地利用状况,分析近30 a来拉萨河流域径流变化的成因,并研究径流对气候因子变化的敏感性。结果表明:①气候变化与土地利用对径流影响占比分别约为82.95%和17.05%,主要原因在于近30 a拉萨河流域土地利用情况变化不大,而气温、降水则呈显著增加趋势;②降水每增加10%,流域径流约增加11.8%,且径流对降水变化敏感性的空间差异性较小;③气温每增加1 ℃,流域总径流约增加2.5%,但径流随气温变化的空间差异性较大,其中,中上游地区径流减小0.7%,下游地区径流约增加3.6%。