适应电力市场环境下的电化学储能应用及关键问题

近年来,随着中国储能产业相关政策出台和落地实施,中国电化学储能技术应用快速发展,已在电力系统发输配用各个环节得到示范或商业化应用。但目前电化学储能总体仍处于发展初期,在盈利模式、发展规划、规范管理、消防安全等方面还有待清晰和完善。从发展规模、技术经济性、政策环境等方面阐述中国电化学储能发展现状,提出电化学储能的具体应用场景、商业模式和投资回报机制,并量化分析不同场景下的项目经济性,围绕项目投资属性、发展规划、电价及市场机制、接入和调度运行管理、安全防护、共享平台等6个关键问题分别进行分析,并提出相关建议,促进电化学储能健康有序发展。     

基于气候突变年的太阳辐射模型统计时长选取方法

建立太阳辐射模型,通过气象参数估算太阳辐射是完善太阳辐射数据的重要途径.建模数据统计时长的选取影响辐射模型系数,进而影响其估算误差.为选择适当的数据统计时长,减小辐射模型估算误差,本文提出一种借助气候突变年选取建模数据统计时长的方法.以我国90个台站超过25年的气象和辐射数据记录为例,选择与太阳辐射相关性较强的日照时数...     

Employment Discrimination: The Role of Implicit Attitudes, Motivation, and a Climate for Racial Bias.

This study is an attempt to replicate and extend research on employment discrimination by A. P. Brief and colleagues (A. P. Brief, J. Dietz, R. R. Cohen, S. D. Pugh, & J. B. Vaslow, 2000). More specifically, the authors attempted (a) to constructively replicate the prior finding that an explicit measure of modern racism would interact with a corporate climate for racial bias to predict discrimination in a hiring context and (b) to extend this finding through the measurement of implicit racist attitudes and motivation to control prejudice. Although the authors were unable to replicate the earlier interaction, they did illustrate that implicit racist attitudes interacted with a climate for racial bias to predict discrimination. Further, results partially illustrate that motivation to control prejudice moderates the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes. Taken together, the findings illustrate the differences between implicit and explicit racial attitudes in predicting discriminatory behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anticipatory network models of multicriteria decision-making processes

In this article, we will investigate the properties of a compromise solution selection method based on modelling the consequences of a decision as factors influencing the decision making in subsequent problems. Specifically, we assume that the constraints and preference structures in the (k?+?1)st multicriteria optimisation problem depend on the values of criteria in the k-th problem. To make a decision in the initial problem, the decision maker should take into account the anticipated outcomes of each linked future decision problem. This model can be extended to a network of linked decision problems, such that causal relations are defined between the time-ordered nodes. Multiple edges starting from a decision node correspond to different future scenarios of consequences at this node. In addition, we will define the relation of anticipatory feedback, assuming that some decision makers take into account the anticipated future consequences of their decisions described by a network of optimisers ? a class of information processing units introduced in this article. Both relations (causal and anticipatory) form a feedback information model, which makes possible a selection of compromise solutions taking into account the anticipated consequences. We provide constructive algorithms to solve discrete multicriteria decision problems that admit the above preference information structure. An illustrative example is presented in Section 4. Various applications of the above model, including the construction of technology foresight scenarios, are discussed in the final section of this article.     

近45年元江干热河谷灌溉需水的变化趋势分析

基于元江、巍山及禄丰3个站1955~2000年的逐月气象数据及作物种植、农业耕作等资料,采用Mann-Kendall法和R/S分析法,研究了元江干热河谷近45年来的干湿变化及农业灌溉需水量转折变化趋势。结果表明:元江河谷的气温下降、降水量增多、湿度增大,导致ET0显著降低,干湿指数、水稻及农业综合灌溉需水定额都呈下降的趋势。元江河谷的气象因子转折变化集中在20世纪70年代初和80年代末,而农业综合灌溉需水定额的转折变化期则在90年代初与气象因子的第二个转折期基本相同。     

开源GIS软件梳理及在水利行业应用中的组合应用

本文按照典型的WebGIS系统的构建过程,梳理了数据加工、数据存储、地图发布、空间分析、前端展示五个环节常见的开源GIS软件。从功能、易用性、使用的广泛性和软件许可几个方面对开源GIS软件进行了筛选,并且根据不同的应用场景,构建了软件的组合方案,提供了系统案例。为开源GIS软件在水利行业中的应用提供了很好的指导作用。     

Green leaf phenology at Landsat resolution: Scaling from the field to the satellite

Despite the large number of in situ, plot-level phenological measurements and satellite-derived phenological studies, there has been little success to date in merging these records temporally or spatially. In this research, we bridge this scale gap through higher resolution satellite records (Landsat) and quantify the accuracy of satellite-derived metrics with direct field measurements. We compiled fifty-seven Landsat scenes from southern New England (P12 R51) from 1984 to 2002. Green vegetation areal abundance for each scene was derived from spectral mixture analysis and a single set of endmembers. The leaf area signal was fit with a logistic-growth simulating sigmoid curve to derive phenological markers (half-maximum leaf-onset and offset). Spring leaf-onset dates in homogenous stands of deciduous forests displayed significant and persistent local variability. The local variability was validated with multiple springtime ground observations (r² = 0.91). The highest degree of verified small-scale variation occurred where contiguous forests displayed leaf-onset gradients of 10-14 days over short distances (< 500 m). These dramatic gradients occur in of low-relief (< 40 m) upland regions. The patterns suggest that microclimates resulting from springtime cold-air drainage may be influential in governing the start of leaf growth; every 4.16 m loss in elevation delayed spring leaf onset by 1 day. These microclimates may be of crucial importance in interpreting in situ records and interpolating phenology from satellite data. Regional patterns from the Landsat analyses suggest topographic, coastal, and land-use controls on phenology. Our results indicate that deciduous forests in the Providence, RI metropolitan area leaf out 5-7 days earlier than comparable rural areas. The platform-independent curve-fit methodology may be extended across platforms and field data. The methodologically consistent approach, in tandem with Landsat data, allows an effective scaling from plot to satellite phenological observations.     

新型基于几何的3D非平稳V2V MIMO信道模型

针对具有多种通信场景和收发端快速移动的V2V通信系统,提出一种基于几何的3D V2V MIMO信道模型.该模型首次结合双球模型和半椭球体模型,分别使用双球和半椭球体模型表征动态和静止散射体;考虑到收发端的运动状态,引入时变的出发角、到达角以及路径长度用于研究V2 V信道的非平稳特性;对所提出的信道模型,推导了空间互相关、时间自相关和多普勒功率谱密度等统计特性函数,分析了不同场景和参数下的V2 V信道统计特性.结果表明,不同场景下V2 V信道各统计特性有较大差异,信道相关性与时间变化和散射体分布密切相关.仿真结果与理论值的高度拟合验证了模型的正确性,为V2 V通信链路的设计提供了理论依据,拓展了基于几何的V2 V信道建模领域的研究.     

带OCL约束的多态路径测试线索生成方法

统一建模语言(UML)无法精确描述系统模型,只能从某一层面描述系统信息,从而导致基于UML模型的多态测试不完备。为此,提出一种带OCL约束的多态路径测试线索生成方法。通过在类图中加入OCL约束信息,考虑类图中多态性对测试的影响,结合UML类图、状态图及协作图,设计并构造OCL约束下包含多态和状态信息的消息间受限控制流图(MRCFG),应用唯一MRCFG路径覆盖准则生成测试线索。通过建立原型工具自动生成包含多态信息的测试线索,从而证明该方法提高了测试的自动化程度,并且生成的多态测试线索更完备。     

水热同步性对流域水热耦合平衡的影响

本文基于水热耦合平衡方法,对我国北方108个流域的水文气象数据分析发现,流域实际蒸发量不仅取决于降雨量和潜在蒸发量的大小,还与二者的同步性密切相关。本文引入气候季节性指数（S）来定量描述水（降雨）热（潜在蒸发量）的同步性。相关性分析表明S是水热耦合平衡的重要影响因素,将其引入估算水热耦合平衡方程参数的经验公式中,可以显著提高流域年蒸发量的模拟精度。在过去40年,部分流域气候季节性指数发生了趋势性变化,引起的流域蒸发的变化在20%的流域超过总变化量的20%。