基于综合因子的H.264码率控制算法

针对H.264的JVT-G012算法在帧层对未编码的P帧采用平均分配比特、忽略了图像复杂度和P帧在图像组(Group of pictures,GOP)中的位置对码率控制影响的问题,提出了一种新的H.264码率控制算法,先利用P帧的图像复杂度和P帧在GOP中位置组成的综合因子来调整P帧的目标比特分配,再利用已编码帧的历史信息来调整当前编码帧的量化参数.通过实验表明,与JVT-G012算法相比,本文算法不仅提高了视频图像的质量,尤其是运动剧烈和纹理复杂的视频序列的图像质量,而且使得输出的实际码率更接近目标码率,提高了码率控制的精准性;与已有算法相比,在保持视频图像质量的情况下,进一步提高了码率控制的精准性.     

基于ESDA的山西省县域经济增长差异分析

采用ESDA技术,通过考察2001年~2010年山西省县域人均GDP增长率的空间分布特征及其动态变化,发现2001年~2010年山西省各地区人均GDP增长速度表现出显著的空间正相关。人均GDP增长速度聚集区的空间分布随时间的变化而变化,主要为HH类型和LL类型。     

Attainability of the minimum data rate for stabilization of linear systems via logarithmic quantization

This paper investigates the attainability of the minimum average data rate for stabilization of linear systems via logarithmic quantization. It is shown that a finite-level logarithmic quantizer suffices to approach the well-known minimum average data rate for stabilizing an unstable linear discrete-time system under two basic network configurations. In particular, we derive explicit finite-level logarithmic quantizers and the corresponding controllers to approach the minimum average data rate.     

Flow analysis of a ribbed helix lip seal with consideration of fluid–structure interaction

Ribbed helix lip seals for rotating shafts have been widely used to retain oil and exclude contaminants in many applications throughout the industry. The objective of this study is to better understand the basic flow behavior associated with the pumping process of a ribbed helix lip seal. The theoretical model consists of a flow analysis of the lubricating film of the hydraulic fluid in conjunction with a stress analysis of the lip seal distortion. The complicated mechanical interaction between the oil flow and rubber deformation was simulated using a coupled fluid–structure approach implemented in a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ESI-CFD, ACE+®. The flow characteristics and rubber deformation around a ribbed helix lip seal were fully resolved in a pumping-rate test environment, where both air and oil sides were filled with oil initially. The three-dimensional pressure field solved by the model via the coupled flow-stress analysis was compared with the predictions obtained from the model via the nondeformable rubber assumption to elucidate the significant effect of the fluid–structure interaction on accurate simulation of the oil pumping behavior. In the rotating speed ranging from 1000 to 6000 rpm, both measured and calculated pumping rates increase with the shaft speed for a ribbed helix lip seal. As compared to the baseline case, calculations with considering the fluid–structure interaction at higher rotary speeds can result in thicker oil films, and in turn produce greater pumping rates.     

On detecting active worms with varying scan rate

Active worms have posed a major security threat to the Internet and many research efforts have focused on them. However, defending against them remains challenging due to their continuous evolution. In this paper, we study a new class of defense-oriented evolved worms, the Varying Scan Rate worm (the VSR worm in short). In order to circumvent detection by existing worm detection schemes, the VSR worm deliberately varies its scan rate according to these schemes’ weaknesses. To counteract the VSR worm, we design a new worm-detection scheme, the attack-target Distribution Entropy-based Dynamic detection scheme (DED detection for short). DED detection utilizes the attack-target distribution and robust statistical feature in conjunction with dynamic decision adaptation to distinguish worm-scan traffic from non-worm-scan traffic. We present a comparatively complete space of detection schemes and conduct extensive performance evaluations on the DED detection scheme compared with other schemes, using real-world Internet traces as background scan traffic. Our data clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the DED detection scheme in detecting both the VSR worm and the traditional worm.     

On the estimation of adequate test set size using fault failure rates

Test set size in terms of the number of test cases is an important consideration when testing software systems. Using too few test cases might result in poor fault detection and using too many might be very expensive and suffer from redundancy. We define the failure rate of a program as the fraction of test cases in an available test pool that result in execution failure on that program. This paper investigates the relationship between failure rates and the number of test cases required to detect the faults. Our experiments based on 11 sets of C programs suggest that an accurate estimation of failure rates of potential fault(s) in a program can provide a reliable estimate of adequate test set size with respect to fault detection and should therefore be one of the factors kept in mind during test set construction. Furthermore, the model proposed herein is fairly robust to incorrect estimations in failure rates and can still provide good predictive quality. Experiments are also performed to observe the relationship between multiple faults present in the same program using the concept of a failure rate. When predicting the effectiveness against a program with multiple faults, results indicate that not knowing the number of faults in the program is not a significant concern, as the predictive quality is typically not affected adversely.     

Input-output properties of the Page-Hinkley detector

We consider the stochastic input-output properties of a simple non-linear dynamical system, the so-called Page-Hinkley detector, playing a key role in change detection, and also in queuing theory. We show that for L-mixing inputs with negative expectation the output process of this system is L-mixing. The result is applied to get an upper bound for the false alarm rate. The proof is then adapted to get a similar result for the case of random i.i.d. inputs. Possible extensions and open problems are given in the discussion.     

Simulation-based two-stage estimation for multiple nonparametric regression

To reduce the curse of dimensionality arising from nonparametric estimation procedures for multiple nonparametric regression, in this paper we suggest a simulation-based two-stage estimation. We first introduce a simulation-based method to decompose the multiple nonparametric regression into two parts. The first part can be estimated with the parametric convergence rate and the second part is small enough so that it can be approximated by orthogonal basis functions with a small trade-off parameter. Then the linear combination of the first and second step estimators results in a two-stage estimator for the multiple regression function. Our method does not need any specified structural assumption on the regression function and it is proved that the newly proposed estimation is always consistent even if the trade-off parameter is designed to be small. Thus when the common nonparametric estimator such as local linear smoothing collapses because of the curse of dimensionality, our estimator still works well.     

One-sided multiple comparisons for treatment means with a control mean

We study comparisons of several treatments with a common control when it is believed a priori that the treatment means, μ_i, are at least as large as the control mean, μ₀. In this setting, which is called a tree ordering, we study multiple comparisons that determine whether μ_i>μ₀ or μ_i=μ₀ for each treatment. The classical procedure by Dunnett (1955) and the step-down and step-up techniques by [Dunnett and Tamhane, 1991] and [Dunnett and Tamhane, 1992] are well known. The results in Marcus and Talpaz (1992) provide multiple comparisons based on the maximum likelihood estimates restricted by the tree ordering. We also study two-stage procedures that consist of the likelihood ratio test of homogeneity with the alternative constrained by the tree ordering followed by two-sample t comparisons with possibly different critical values for the two-sample comparisons. Marcus et al. (1976) discuss the use of closed tests in such situations and propose using a closed version of the restricted likelihood ratio test. We describe step-down versions of the Marcus-Talpaz, the two-stage, and the likelihood ratio procedures, as well as a closed version of the Marcus-Talpaz multiple comparison procedure. Using Monte Carlo techniques, we study the familywise errors and powers of these procedures and make some recommendations concerning techniques that perform well for all tree ordered mean vectors.     

基于FPGA的四通道视频缩放引擎的研究及设计

设计了一种可实现4路视频信号缩放和帧率转换的电路架构.视频信号依次经过缩小模块、帧率转换模块以及放大模块,有效地减少了帧率转换对存储器带宽的需求.帧率变换模块采用输入和输出自适应调整的算法,同时在缩小模块采用加权均值算法,而放大模块则采用四点双三次插值算法.在满足视频放大质量要求的基础上,避免了采用过于复杂算法而消耗过...