二元聚合物的合成及在稠油破乳中的应用

采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚醚酯（NPEAA）为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂的条件下,引发聚合制备了二元共聚物稠油破乳剂,采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了分子量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5g/L,表面张力为25.684mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能,确定最佳破乳条件：温度55?C,时间2h,用量0.5g/L时,脱水率为88.5%,脱出水中含油量为198.4mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观粘度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,探讨分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面更易润湿扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好。     

The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a chronic illness predominantly of atherosclerotic aetiology, associated to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. It is one of the most prevalent CV conditions worldwide in subjects >65 years, estimated to increase greatly with the aging of the population, becoming a severe socioeconomic problem in the future. The narrowing and thrombotic occlusion of the lower limb arteries impairs the walking function as the disease progresses, increasing the risk of CV events (myocardial infarction and stroke), amputation and death. Despite its poor prognosis, PAD patients are scarcely identified until the disease is advanced, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for PAD patient stratification, that might also contribute to define more personalized medical treatments. In this review, we will discuss the usefulness of inflammatory molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cardiac damage markers, as well as novel components of the liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and non-coding RNAs for lower limb PAD identification, stratification, and outcome assessment. We will also explore the potential of machine learning methods to build prediction models to refine PAD assessment. In this line, the usefulness of multimarker approaches to evaluate this complex multifactorial disease will be also discussed.     

混凝浑液面沉速与混凝剂投加量的关系研究

探讨了黄河高浊度水混凝沉淀浑液面沉速与自然沉速之间的相关性,经过对实验数据进行线性回归提出了混凝过程中浑液面沉速与自然沉速、含沙量、PAM投加量之间的经验公式。运用该经验公式得出的浑液面沉速计算值与实测相对误差在0.43%～12.27%之间。     

聚硅酸的助凝性

聚硅酸是一种优异的助凝剂，它对Ａｌ３＋、聚铝离子或Ｆｅ３＋、聚铁离子具有极强的交联性，提高聚铝、聚铁絮凝剂的水处理效果，它的网状结构增强了絮体的吸附、卷扫杂质的性能，絮体硕大。     

新型技术用于乳状液膜法脱酚的进一步研究

本文对模拟的含酚废水,采用新型技术对乳状液膜法脱酚进行了进一步的探讨。对所采用的制乳设备———撞击流-旋转填料床对制乳率、提取设备———旋转填料床对脱酚率、破乳设备———无机微孔膜法破乳的重要参数(如透过压方式、膜孔径等对膜通量和破乳率的影响)进行了研究。并且讨论了破乳后的油相回用情况。实验结果表明:撞击流-旋转填料床的制乳效率可达99.90 %以上,脱酚率可达99%左右,且瞬间完成;膜孔径越小,破乳率越高,膜通量越小;外压内抽方式的破乳效果优于单外压方式的破乳效果。对于粒径为5～2 5 μm乳液,用膜孔径为2 .0 μm的SiC微孔膜,在外压为6 0kPa、内负压为30kPa的外压内抽破乳方式下破乳,破乳率可达96 .4 % ,膜通量可达90 0L·(m2 ·h) -1。     

废光盘回收废水的处理方法研究

探讨了混凝和氧化法处理废光盘回收产生的废水。通过试验，探讨了PFS、PAC混凝和Fenton、次氯酸钠氧化的反应条件和对COD的去除效果，并选择了较住的混凝剂和氧化剂，优化两者的组合方式，得出了Fenton氧化＋PFS混凝联合处理废光盘回收废水的方法。此方法的全程COD去除率可达90．3％。     

CR244粘接型粉末氯丁橡胶的制备

用凝聚法制备出粉末粘接型氯丁橡胶(PCR244)。研究了包覆剂性质对PCR244粒径分布的影响，并用SEM对所得PCR244的形貌及断面进行了观察分析。研究表明，在CR244粉末化体系中，包覆剂必须具有一定的交联程度才能起粉末化作用。在研究范围内，包覆剂的θg对粒径小于0．9mm产物的成粉率几乎无影响，均达到98．6％以上。SEM分析表明，PCR244宏观粒子表面粗糙，粒子内外均分布着大量空隙，其形成过程可分为三个主要阶段，即在包覆剂作用下，首先由胶乳初级粒子聚结成次级粒子，再由次级粒子凝聚成团粒，最后团粒相互结合成宏观粒子PCR244。     

直接凝固注模成型Si_3N_4及SiC陶瓷──基本原理及工艺过程

直接凝固注模成型（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｃａｓｔｉｎｇ，ＤＣＣ）是一种崭新的（准）净尺寸陶瓷成型方法。本文报道了采用此法成型Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４及ＳｉＣ陶瓷的基本原理和工艺过程。ＤＣＣ成型工艺过程为把高固相含量低粘度的陶瓷浆料浇注到无孔模具中，事先加入到浆料中的生物酶及化学物质通过改变浆料的ｐＨ或电解质浓度来改变浆料的胶体化学行为，从而使浆料原位凝固，得到有足够脱模强度的陶瓷坯体。ＤＣＣ成型的特点为坯体密度高（理论密度的５５％～７０％），坯体均匀，不用或只需少量的有机添加剂（少于１％），可成型大尺寸、复杂形状、高可靠性的陶瓷部件。     

Controlled coagulation of emulsion polymers

Coagulation of latex particles is most often carried out in the diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) regime where the time for coagulation to take place is on the millisecond timescale. This process produces aggregates of low density, irregular shape, and a broad particle size distributions. When the coagulation is carried out in the reaction limited aggregation (RLA) regime, a coagulation time of about 1–120 sec, the system can be controlled by mixing to yield dense, spheroidal aggregates with a very narrow particle size distribution. The important variables in the RLA process for butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate (BA/MMA) latexes were found to be mixing intensity, latex copolymer composition, and coagulation temperature. Dried aggregates formed in the RLA process were found to have excellent powder flow properties and low dustiness.     

Electrochemical ferrate generation for waste water treatment using cast irons with high silicon contents

This paper deals with the electrochemical preparation of ferrate in 15 M NaOH media, with a view to treatment of waste waters. Grey cast irons with high silicon contents were shown to allow current yields in the range 20–40% depending on the applied current density, up to 34 mA cm^–2. Ferrate solutions with contents up to 0.08 M could be produced in a divided cell of simple design, and provided with flat or packed-bed electrodes. Deactivation of the anode surface was shown to be of moderate significance for hour-long runs. The ferrate produced was tested for treatment of industrial liquid wastes: coagulation efficiency of the suspended matter was comparable with that of an electrocoagulation process with sacrificial Al anodes. The potential of waste water treatment by addition of ferrate is discussed.