考虑供气约束与净负荷预测误差的电-气综合能源系统调度策略

当前电-气综合能源系统调度存在天然气供气流量波动性较大、调整次数过多等问题,导致配气系统调峰压力较大。为此建立天然气供气模型,包含供气流量调整幅度、方向、总次数等约束;对天然气系统标幺制进行推导,通过合理选择基准值可对天然气系统的相关参数进行合理放缩变换,以便观察分析;用高斯混合模型对净负荷预测误差概率分布进行精确拟合,基于此提出考虑天然气供气约束和净负荷预测误差的电-气综合能源系统调度策略,并采用数据驱动的机会约束规划来处理净负荷预测随机性。最后,通过算例验证所提策略的有效性,仿真结果表明所提策略可明显降低天然气供气流量波动,保障系统的可靠经济运行。     

基于高斯混合模型及近似线性规划的风电系统校正控制方法

提出一种基于高斯混合模型及近似线性规划的风电系统校正控制方法。考虑到风电及负荷功率预测误差的非高斯特性及相关性,建立了描述风电及负荷功率联合概率分布的高斯混合模型。考虑切负荷、发电机功率调整以及统一潮流控制器等控制措施,以控制代价最小为目标函数,构建了计及电压、频率及线路潮流等静态安全约束的风电系统校正控制优化问题的数学模型。为求解含不确定变量的非线性优化问题,依据高斯混合模型的性质,在稳态运行点的邻域内将非线性约束近似转化为线性约束,用线性规划方法求解,并不断迭代直至收敛。最后,将该方法应用于修改后的IEEE 10机39节点算例系统验证其有效性,与场景法的对比结果表明该方法求解效率较高,且具有较好的经济性。     

Study on the void reduction behaviour of porous asphalt pavement based on discrete element method

The objective of this study was to analyse the void reduction behaviour of porous asphalt mixture under load. A three-dimensional discrete element model of porous asphalt mixture based on aggregate gradation and void gradation was built in PFC3D software. The parameter of the model was obtained from creep test. The rutting test was simulated using this discrete element model. And a new method was developed to obtain and analyse the void structure in discrete element model. The simulation results were compared with one of the laboratory test. The comparative analysis indicates that, the discrete element method can be used to simulate the creep response and void reduction behaviour of porous asphalt mixture. Further research shows that porosity, effective porosity, number of connected components and section pores have a good correlation with strain of porous asphalt mixture. With the increase in strain, the proportion of section pores with diameter less than 2 mm increases. In the initial stage of loading, the void reduction is the main reason for rut increment of porous asphalt mixture. In the later stage, the void structure is almost incompressible; the lateral deformation of mixture becomes the domination factor.     

Analysis of the influence of binder properties on the mechanical response of bituminous mixtures

Asphalt mixtures are composed by a mass of aggregates (more than 90% of their total weight), which are bonded by a bituminous binder. Despite the fact that the binder is not the main component of these materials (around 5% of their total weight), it exerts a high influence on their mechanical response. In this sense, the service life of asphalt pavements will directly depend on the type of binder used, and thus an adequate choice is crucial to construct more durable roads. Because of this fact, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the bitumen in order to reduce the impact of different distresses that appear on roads. For this purpose, this paper studies the influence of the binder properties in the appearance of the main distresses that affect asphalt pavements around the world (stripping, fatigue cracking and plastic deformations). Five bitumens with different properties have been analysed during this research using diverse binder (UCL, multiple stress creep and recovery test and dynamic shear rheometer time sweep) and mixture (water sensitivity, wheel tracking and UGR-FACT) tests. The results obtained show that the properties of the binder influence the long-term performance of bituminous mixtures. In this sense, it can be said that flexible binders which are able to recover plastic deformations could extend the service life of the pavements.     

玄武岩纤维对老化沥青混合料路用性能的影响

为研究玄武岩纤维对老化沥青混合料路用性能的影响,通过车辙试验、低温弯曲小梁试验、浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验研究了玄武岩纤维对沥青混合料抗老化性能的作用。试验结果表明:虽然玄武岩纤维沥青混合料的动稳定度随老化时间增加,但相对于普通沥青混合料而言,其增加的幅度减缓,提出采用相对变形率作为老化性能评价指标;玄武岩纤维延缓了沥青混合料老化性能的衰变,使得老化后的混合料低温抗裂性改善;经短期老化和长期老化后玄武岩纤维沥青混合料水稳定性能均优于普通沥青混合料,且玄武岩纤维显著降低了长期老化试件的未冻融劈裂强度,因此在应用中应适当增加碾压次数。     

道路常用温拌改性剂现状与路用性能评价

针对工程使用温拌剂时缺乏明确的参考依据,系统调查了国内外温拌剂应用状况,确定温拌改性技术主要分类以及目前常用温拌剂种类,全面评价了Sasobit、Aspha-min、Evotherm与EC120等4种常用温拌剂对沥青混合料高温性能、低温性能以及水稳定性等路用性能的影响。结果表明:几种温拌剂的降温效果均可达到30℃,Sasobit和EC120温拌剂对沥青混合料高温稳定性均有不同幅度提高,最大提高幅度在30%以上,4种温拌剂对沥青混合料低温性能略有影响,对水稳定性的影响均不大。     

钢渣沥青混凝土技术及其应用研究进展

钢渣常被当成工业废弃物处置,但其碱性强、棱角丰富,兼具有优异的力学特性,可以改善沥青混凝土的抗水损害、抗高温变形以及耐磨和抗滑等性能,被认为是可替代天然矿质集料的理想筑路材料。近年来道路建设对集料用量的高需求与天然集料短缺之间的矛盾越来越突出,钢渣沥青混凝土技术因而成为备受关注的热点。概述了钢渣的材料特性以及钢渣沥青混凝土的设计与性能,介绍了钢渣沥青混凝土的实际应用情况,研究了钢渣沥青混凝土长期应用后的路面性能变化,最后对钢渣沥青混凝土未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

波纹管内高压成形焊接区变形特征研究

准确建立焊接管材母材、热影响区和焊缝的材料力学模型,是焊接波纹管内高压胀形工艺分析的前提条件。基于焊接区单向拉伸试验和硬度测试等条件建立焊接区混合材料准则,确定了热影响区和焊缝的材料力学模型。通过波纹管液压胀形工艺仿真与试验,研究胀形液体压力和凹模初始高度等工艺参数对波纹管变形特征的影响,并结合变形前后的组织分析发现,焊接区的枝状晶组织使成形后波纹管焊接区与母材壁厚存在差异,并且变形后马氏体相的存在促进裂纹的形核,引起后期使用中的应力腐蚀破裂。     

基于离散元方法的沥青混合料力链演化及分布量化分析

为了研究沥青混合料内部颗粒间力链的演化及分布规律,以AC-13沥青混合料作为研究对象,利用离散元方法重构沥青混合料数字试件,模拟简单性能试验,提取试件内部颗粒间的力链信息进行力链演化、概率分布和角度分布分析。结果表明,通过比较预测结果和实测结果,基于离散元方法重构的AC-13沥青混合料细观模型用于模拟其细观力学特性是可行的。试件内部力链空间分布具有各向异性,以垂直方向的压力力链为主,承受大部分的半正弦荷载。法向力链概率分布随加载时间的变化规律基本一致,法向接触力与平均法向接触力比值f最小时,概率分布出现最大值,f=1.75时,概率分布再次达到峰值,然后逐渐减小并趋于稳定。法向力链角度分布主要位于90°和270°附近,第一、二象限的角度分布比例远大于第三、四象限,60~120°、30~150°中法向力链角度分布比例均大于70%,最小为72.733%。     

Performance of porous asphalt mixture with various additives

The objective of this study is to evaluate the approaches to improve the durability and strength of the porous asphalt through laboratory testing. Porous asphalt specimens were prepared using three types of binders: high-viscosity binder (HVB), PG76-22 and PG70-22. Various additives: fibre, hydrated lime and DBS polymer, were utilised in the porous asphalt. Comprehensive laboratory tests, including strength test, binder draindown test, Cantabro abrasion test, moisture susceptibility test, rutting test, thermal stress restrained sample test, and permeability test, were conducted. It is found that HVB significantly improved the overall performance of the porous asphalt; DBS additive improved its high-temperature performance, but lowered the cracking resistance at low temperature as well as the durability; fibre enhanced its durability and anti-cracking performance at low temperature; hydrated lime improved its moisture stability while weakening its durability. It is concluded that HVB and polyester fibre should be used in all porous asphalt; DBS additive is good for porous asphalt in high-temperature areas, and hydrated lime can be added to porous asphalt in rainy areas.