桩式强夯置换法加固地基的探讨

强夯置换法是强夯法的一种衍生方法,相对于强夯法而言,强夯置换法在处理含水量较大的待处理地基土方面,尤其是成分复杂的软粘土有明显的优势,桩式置换是强夯置换法最常采用的一种形式,其除了具有强夯动力加固作用外,还具有加筋、挤密、置换、排水特性.本文就桩式强夯置换法加固处理地基过程中的施工程序、桩的方案布置,置换有效深度、填料...     

延安新区压实黄土抗剪强度试验研究

压实黄土的抗剪强度是影响黄土高填方边坡稳定性的重要因素。对延安新区压实Q_2、Q_3黄土开展了多组不同初始压实度和初始含水率条件下的直剪试验,研究了压实度、含水率对黏聚力、内摩擦角和抗剪强度的影响,初步探讨了现场回填压实黄土和室内制备压实黄土表现出不同抗剪强度特性的原因。结果表明:黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着压实度的增大而增大,土中粘粒含量对压实Q_2、Q_3黄土的黏聚力和内摩擦角指标有较大影响;黏聚力、内摩擦角和抗剪强度均随含水率的增大而不断减小,压实Q_2黄土对含水率变化更为敏感;现场回填压实黄土比室内制备的压实黄土具有更高的抗剪强度。     

土挤密桩地基处理技术在南水北调工程中的应用

土挤密桩地基处理的主要作用在于消除湿陷性黄土地基的湿陷性.通过工程实例阐述了土挤密桩地基处理技术的施工技术及实施效果.     

厦门环东海域填海造地工程监测与检测技术

厦门环东海域填海造地工程主要是采用强夯及冲碾联合地基处理法进行加固施工,通过对夯沉量、振动、水位、孔隙水压力实施监测,对施工起到了较好的指导作用,确保了在陆域形成过程中大面积场地地基和吹填围堤等建筑物的稳定性。通过采用平板载荷试验、瑞利波波速测试和标准贯入试验、重型动力触探、静力触探试验,对地基加固效果进行了有效的评价,确保工程能满足今后的使用要求。该工程所使用的监测及检测技术均取得了较好的效果。     

From experimental data,the mechanics relationships describing the behaviour of four different low alloyed steel powders during uniaxial cold compaction

This work aims at determining the constitutive model of four commercial water atomised low alloyed steel powders during cold compaction. Single-action experiments were performed, obtaining cylindrical specimens with different H/D ratios. The distribution of axial and radial stresses was investigated, and the relationships describing both the radial stress transmission coefficient and the flow stress as functions of the relative density were determined. The radial stress transmission coefficient also confirmed the hypothesised value of Poisson’s coefficient. The friction coefficient between the powder column and the die wall was determined, also highlighting the influence of the H/D ratio. Measuring the axial and radial strains due to spring-back, the axial and radial elastic moduli were determined, as functions of the relative density. The results obtained for the four materials were compared, also highlighting both differences and similarities.     

Utility of Multivariate Analysis in Modeling the Effects of Raw Material Properties and Operating Parameters on Granule and Ribbon Properties Prepared in Roller Compaction

This article aimed to model the effects of raw material properties and roller compactor operating parameters (OPs) on the properties of roller compacted ribbons and granules with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) projection. A database of raw material properties was established through extensive physical and mechanical characterization of several microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose grades and their blends. A design of experiment (DoE) was used for ribbon production. PLS models constructed with only OP-modeled roller compaction (RC) responded poorly. Inclusion of raw material properties markedly improved the goodness of fit (R²?=?.897) and model predictability (Q²?=?0.72).     

谈一般土质路基的压实

结合土壤的压实特性,从机械选择、铺层厚度、含水量控制、碾压速度和遍数等方面对土质路基的压实技术进行了阐述,并介绍了路基的压实标准及检验方法,以确保土质路基的整体强度、稳定性和耐久性满足规定要求。     

Computational intelligence modelling of pharmaceutical tabletting processes using bio-inspired optimization algorithms

In pharmaceutical development, it is very useful to exploit the knowledge of the causal relationship between product quality and critical material attributes (CMA) in developing new formulations and products, and optimizing manufacturing processes. With the big data captured in the pharmaceutical industry, computational intelligence (CI) models could potentially be used to identify critical quality attributes (CQA), CMA and critical process parameters (CPP). The objective of this study was to develop computational intelligence models for pharmaceutical tabletting processes, for which bio-inspired feature selection algorithms were developed and implemented for optimisation while artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to predict the tablet characteristics such as porosity and tensile strength. Various pharmaceutical excipients (MCC PH 101, MCC PH 102, MCC DG, Mannitol Pearlitol 200SD, Lactose, and binary mixtures) were considered. Granules were also produced with dry granulation using roll compaction. The feed powders and granules were then compressed at various compression pressures to produce tablets with different porosities, and the corresponding tensile strengths were measured. For the CI modelling, the efficiency of seven bio-inspired optimization algorithms were explored: grey wolf optimization (GWO), bat optimization (BAT), cuckoo search (CS), flower pollination algorithm (FPA), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and social spider optimization (SSO). Two-thirds of the experimental dataset was randomly chosen as the training set, and the remaining was used to validate the model prediction. The model efficiency was evaluated in terms of the average reduction (representing the fraction of selected input variables) and the mean square error (MSE). It was found that the CI models can well predict the tablet characteristics (i.e. porosity and tensile strength). It was also shown that the GWO algorithm was the most accurate in predicting porosity. While the most accurate prediction for the tensile strength was achieved using the SSO algorithm. In terms of the average reduction, the GA algorithm resulted in the highest reduction of inputs (i.e. 60%) for predicting both the porosity and the tensile strength.     

Monitoring of the manufacturing process for ambroxol hydrochloride tablet using NIR-chemometric methods: compression effect on content uniformity model and relevant process parameters testing

This study aimed at using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to monitor compaction pressure for simultaneously determining the tensile strength and content uniformity, as well as moisture and mean particle size of ambroxol hydrochloride tablets. The content uniformity, compression force and tensile strength of the laboratory samples were obtained by pressing a mixture of active principle and excipient components into tablets. To reduce the spectral baseline shift of the laboratory samples, the compaction pressure applied to the mixture was assessed by a variable pressure test. Production samples were added to the test and subjected to principal component analysis. The expanded partial least-squares (PLS) calibration model used to quantify the active content was more accurate than the model constructed from laboratory samples using the production tablets included in the calibration set. The model showed good predictability, with correlation coefficient (R) 0.9977. The validation and reliability of the content model were evaluated to determine trueness and reliability for the measurement of individual production tablets and the laboratory tablets with drug content ranging from 24 to 36?mg. The PLS calibration models for compression force and tensile strength were constructed using the same spectral set assuming both were highly related. These models yielded high R values (0.9955 and 0.9910). The R values of the moisture and mean particle size were 0.9994 and 0.9919, respectively. This study demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques can be successfully used to quantitatively monitor the tablet manufacturing process in the pharmaceutical industry.     

煤矸石填筑路基冲击压实施工关键技术研究

煤矸石大量的堆积和自燃,给社会和环境造成了极大影响。公路建设中利用煤矸石填筑路基,节省了土方,改善了占用土地和环境污染等问题。本文以高速公路工程为背景,分析了煤矸石填筑路基施工中的冲击压实情况。