水温耦合作用下风化砂岩崩解和质量流失研究

随着公路建设向山岭重丘区的转移,如何就地取材,利用风化岩进行路基填筑,以弥补山区路基填料的不足,已成为亟待解决的问题。为确保风化砂岩填筑路基长期使用性能,提出水温耦合作用下风化砂岩崩解和质量流失的试验测定方法,并将材料的干湿循环崩解率和质量流失率与风化程度进行了相关性分析。     

某露天矿区全风化花岗岩原位试验研究

针对南方某露天矿区全风化花岗岩进行现场原位试验,选择制备了3组代表性的全风化花岗岩试体,通过设计堆载对试体加载不同垂直荷载的正应力、水平剪应力,直至剪切破坏的试验,对试验数据整理分析,获得正应力σ和正应变ε曲线图、剪应力τ和剪应变ε曲线图,用最小二乘法回归得出抗剪强度曲线图和C、φ值及相关系数R;根据试验施加的单位压力P和实测的岩体变形S,绘制P-S关系曲线,得出弹性(变形)模量。为采场边坡稳定性计算分析提供更符合实际的岩土力学参数,也为工程中遇到类似的风化花岗岩时提供参考。     

花岗岩类残积土在工程中应用的探讨

花岗岩残积土具有粘性土、砂性土和膨胀土的三种特征,在其分布较厚的地段采用静压桩型时,打桩时采用以桩长控制为主,压桩力或贯入度控制为辅的施工方法是可行的。     

风化砂不同掺入率对膨胀土特性影响的研究

针对目前膨胀土改良措施中存在的问题,提出了一种新的改良方法——在膨胀土中掺入风化砂,对膨胀土实施物理改良。对风化砂不同掺入率的膨胀土进行颗分试验,液、塑限试验,活性指数试验,相对密度试验。试验表明:随着掺砂比例的增大,活性指数急剧下降,液性指数发生了降低;对风化砂不同掺入率改良膨胀土进行的自由膨胀率、有荷膨胀率、无荷膨胀率和膨胀力试验表明,随着掺砂比例的增加,膨胀土的膨胀性得到显著的抑制;最后对掺砂膨胀土进行了直剪试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、CBR试验和回弹模量试验,探讨不同掺砂率对强度指标的影响及其变化规律。试验研究结果表明,掺砂能较好地改良膨胀土的基本工程性质指标,有效抑制膨胀土的膨胀特性,改善膨胀土的力学强度性能,掺砂后膨胀土的各项指标均可达到路基填料的要求。     

花岗石地面空鼓原因分析及预防

简要介绍了花岗石地面的特性,对花岗石地面空鼓的原因进行了分析,从材料的选择、操作工艺等方面提出了预防及治理措施,指出在施工中应严格按照施工工艺标准及规范要求进行施工,严格过程控制,才能有效控制花岗石地面质量通病发生.     

矿源黄腐酸的提取工艺研究

以风化煤和褐煤为试验材料,通过酸提法和碱溶酸析法对黄腐酸提取率的对比,筛选出一种比较有价值的黄腐酸提取方法:混酸氧化提取法。其主要工艺为:风化煤或褐煤∶混酸(硫酸∶硝酸=7∶3)∶自来水=1∶0.3∶6,原料煤中首先加入混酸,搅拌均匀,在70℃条件下氧化40 min,然后加入自来水,60℃搅拌反应1 h,离心分离出黄腐酸清液。此法在黄腐酸含量较低的煤中应用较佳。     

黑龙江黑土区设施土壤锌积累特征及风化煤制剂修复研究

对黑龙江省黑土区设施土壤中锌(Zn)积累特征进行分析,并进行风化煤制剂修复研究。结果表明:五常、肇东两地部分设施土壤Zn含量超标,五常市属于中等强度变异,肇东市属于弱变异;Zn形态以残渣态为主,弱酸可提取态含量较少,移动性较弱;施用风化煤制剂能显著降低黑土区设施土壤中弱酸可提取态Zn含量(P0.05),以处理7(风化煤1500 kg/hm~2,复合肥375 kg/hm~2)修复效果最优;相关性分析结果表明,该制剂中风化煤起主导作用。     

Column leaching process of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts

In order to better understand the leaching process of rare earth (RE) and aluminum (Al) from the weathered crust elution-deposited RE ore, the mass transfer of RE and Al in column leaching was investigated using the chromatographic plate theory. The results show that a higher initial ammonium concentration in a certain range can enhance the mass transfer process. pH of leaching agent in the range of 2 to 8 almost has no effect on the mass transfer efficiency of RE, but plays a positive role in the mass transfer efficiency of Al under strong acidic condition (pH<4). There is an optimum flow rate that makes the highest mass transfer efficiency. The optimum leaching condition of RE is the leaching agent pH of 4–8, ammonium concentration of 0.4 mol/L and flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The mass transfer efficiencies of RE and Al both follow the order: (NH₄)₂SO₄<NH₄Cl<NH₄NO₃, implying the complexing ability of anion.     

升温和降温对无约束花岗岩热破裂的影响

温度变化会引起岩石内部矿物颗粒膨胀(收缩)不均匀,发生热破裂。温度变化有温度升高和降低两种作用方式,本文通过无约束花岗岩在升温和降温两种温度作用方式下的热破裂声发射实验研究,得到如下结论:(1)花岗岩升温过程中热破裂主要表现为中高温弹塑性破裂;降温过程中热破裂主要表现为中低温脆性破裂;(2)升、降温过程岩石的热破裂机理不同,升温过程主要为压缩热应力集中形成的压剪破裂,降温过程主要为局部拉应力集中造成的拉剪破坏;(3)根据声发射特征参数统计分析,同等温度范围内,岩石降温过程的热破裂声发射事件频度和强度均高于升温过程,约为2倍,降温过程的热破裂比升温过程剧烈。     

Investigation and consideration on landslide zoning of multiple slope failures and debris flows of 2014 disaster in Hiroshima,Japan

This study was intended to examine the mechanism of multiple slope failures and debris flows that occurred in the outskirts of Hiroshima on 20th August 2014. A field survey of the mountain stream where large-scale damage was incurred was carried out and the characteristics of debris flows which made serious damages were investigated. There were five findings of this study. (1) The initiation of debris flows was not limited to thin and planar shallow failures, but also showed V or U shapes, where the eroded sediments seemed to be pushed out by artesian water, and the eroded depth exceeded several meters at many locations. (2) There were areas with high permeability, such as faults, fracture zones, and joints in Mt. Abusan. It is inferred that the constantly present groundwater in these areas became artesian water because of a large amount of rainfall in upstream locations. This quickly destabilized the slopes on a large scale. (3) There were at least three estimated debris flows at the mountain stream above Midorigaoka prefectural apartments in Yagi 3-Chome, where the worst damage occurred. The mountain stream near Abu-no-Sato housing complex also had multiple debris flows. Here, the secondary debris flow changed its flow path because of the presence of sediments from an earlier debris flow. (4) The actual volumes of flowed mass were much larger than that predicted at 11 of the 18 mountain streams in Midori-i and Yagi districts. The volume of the mass of five of these mountain streams was more than twice the estimated volume. It is necessary to modify the method of calculating the volume of unstable sediments in the mountain stream. (5) It was found that the devastating damage of buildings and human lives took place in the areas well beyond the special restricted zones. The present method to designate the special restricted zone must be revised considering such problems as the underestimation of the volume of unstable sediments, the assumptions of a single debris flow and on the direction of debris flow, and the effect of the difference on rock and soil types.