掺气减蚀保护作用的新概念

利用针式掺气流速仪测量原型和模型掺气浓度场、流速场，气泡尺寸及其概率分布的研究成果表明，原型水流韦伯数高，形成微小气泡的能力比模型强，气泡上浮慢，接近底部的小尺寸气泡概率及掺气浓度比模型大。初步研究认为：0.2mm或0.5mm以下的微小气泡在掺气减蚀中起着主要作用，可能只要很小掺气浓度即可达到掺气减蚀的效果。因此以小尺寸气泡的掺气浓度，作为判断掺气减蚀保护作用的指标将更为准确。     

Collection Conduits Including Subsurface Drains

Numerous types of pipes and channels with spatially increasing flows in environmental engineering applications are identified by type and function and referred to as collection conduits. An overview of methods for designing and analyzing collection conduits is provided. Full conduits with nonuniform and uniform inflow are first considered. Dimensional analysis is then employed to demonstrate the relationship between variables for open channels; that leads to the identification of possibilities for generalized numerical solutions. Prior collection conduit applications are discussed within the framework of the dimensional analysis (which also pertains to some constant-flow applications). A previously unpublished generalized numerical solution for rectangular collection conduits is presented. Subsurface drains are addressed with particular emphasis, including the use of numerical methods to develop a new generalized chart and relation to other design methods. Among the important conclusions for subsurface drains is that the somewhat common practice of using Manning’s equation alone for such problems is not generally adequate. Examples and practical design suggestions are included, and the use of computer-based numerical methods is discussed more generally.     

大型连杆流线简易试验方法

介绍了一种大型连杆流线的简易试验方法及其评价原则。该方法可清晰显示流线，并适合任何尺寸和形状的锻造连杆的流线试验。     

哈得4联合站技术改造

位于塔克拉玛干大沙漠腹地的哈得4油田,2004年成为全国最大的沙漠油田,2005年产量达到200×104t。在对联合站存在问题逐一分析的基础上,提出了技术改造的措施。现场采集的运行数据表明技术改造效果明显,增强了流程可靠性,提高了自动化水平,降低了能耗。     

自喷井电动清蜡绞车的研制

针对目前石油钻采用清蜡绞车总体结构设计不合理以及实用性不强等技术难题,研制开发了自喷井电动清蜡绞车。该绞车的核心部件包括过载保护安全装置、牙嵌离合器轴套、自动/手动互换装置、计量装置以及密封装置。在清蜡绞车自动工作中,当清蜡刮刀遇到较大阻力时,清蜡绞车将接收到反馈信号,可实现智能停车,自动转换为手动状态,以便操作人员检查和排除故障,从而确保了操作的安全性,延长了设备的使用寿命。1000余台电动清蜡绞车的现场应用表明,该产品可以大大降低原油的开采成本,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

The influence of plastic properties on chip formation

A two-dimensional finite-element model of the chip formation process is used to study the influence of the material law determining plastic flow on chip formation of titanium alloys at high cutting speeds. For simplicity, friction and thermo-mechanical properties of the tool are neglected in the simulations. Titanium chips are strongly segmented and therefore especially suitable to study the role of segmentation for the cutting force and other cutting parameters. Of special interest is the influence of the thermal softening parameter in the material law. Increasing thermal softening leads to a drastic decrease in the cutting force and a corresponding increase in chip segmentation. A variation of the hardening exponent is also performed. It is shown that the simulation results can be understood by using adiabatic flow stress curves. The variation of the hardening exponent leads to strongly differing chip shapes, although the cutting force stays nearly constant. This shows that mean cutting forces should not be used as simulation verification parameters.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON MUD BED-GENERATION AND IMPACTING A WALL ALONG A SLOPE

In this paper mud was treated as the Bingham fluid. In staggered grids, two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for non-Newtonian fluid was solved by the MAC method. Numerical simulations were conducted on mud bed-generating phenomenon and mud impacting a wall along a slope. The distributions of free surface, pressure and velocity of mud and water were obtained. The results indicate that the computed layer thickness of mud bed almost equals the theoretically predicted value. Because of the differences in constitutive relationship, the distributions of free surface are different for water and mud. The distortion of water free surface is much more complicated.     

超音速燃气射流非定常波系的数值研究

根据ＭＵＳＣＬ格式的基本思想，对格式进行了部分修改，数值模拟了超音速燃气射流流场的结构和发展过程。给出了流场谐波系的变化趋势，得到了流场达到稳定状态的时间和稳定后的流动图形。     

T8钢－聚有机硅氧烷仿生减粘降阻复合涂层的特性

研究了Ｔ８钢－聚有机硅氧烷仿生减粘降阻复合涂层的表面润湿性、磨料磨损特性及对土壤的减粘降阻性能与金属材料相比，仿生复合涂层的表面憎水性显著提高，水在其表面上的接触角达９２°；与４５钢相比，其磨料磨损的体积相对耐磨系数为６３％，降阻率达１５．２２％～２２．２７％     

δ－Al_2O_3纤维／Al－12Si复合材料室温拉伸强度分析

对δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维／Ａｌ－１２Ｓｉ复合材料室温拉伸强度的分析表明，在实验条件下该复合材料存在δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维的最小体积分数Ｖｍｉｎ和临界体积分数Ｖｃｒｉｔ，并求出其基体强度σ＇ｍ和室温强度σｃ－δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维体积分数Ｖｆ直线方程及纤维的临界长度ｌｃ和复合材料的剪切应力τｉ．确定复合材料的ＲＯＭ预测曲线，应首先判断σ＇ｍ是否等于未增强合金的强度σｕｍ才能得出正确的结论