化工过程熵增指数及其在磷复肥清洁生产评价中的应用

从热力学第二定律出发, 指出清洁生产的热力学本质是控制物质由有序结构向无序转化并从中获取最大效益, 其优劣可由过程熵增反映。 引用复杂体系非平衡定态过程最小熵产生原理,推导出依据与外界交换的物流和热流信息定量计算化工复杂系统过程熵增的方法, 并定义过程熵增指数ζ 。 评价了化工过程对环境热力学状态的综合影响。选择以硫和以氨为载能原料的磷复肥工艺为例进行了计算和对比,其过程熵增指数分别为6.753和4.571,反映出载能原料硫作为废物排放对环境热力学状态产生更大的影响。     

30%三唑锡悬浮剂的研制及作用机理分析

[目的]解决30%三唑锡悬浮剂分散稳定性的问题。[方法]为提高30%三唑锡悬浮剂分散稳定性,采用流点法对不同类型的分散剂进行初步筛选并测试表面张力,通过测试SC粒径、Zeta电势、悬浮率、流变性能确定分散剂配比与用量并对分散稳定机理进行分析。[结果]与单一分散剂制备SC相比,聚羧酸盐分散剂SD-816和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂SD-208复配体系制备的SC性能较优,其表观黏度、Zeta电势、粒径和悬浮率分别为386 mPa·s、-37.2 mV、2.58μm及98.4%。并且提出了聚羧酸盐分散剂和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂对农药三唑锡可能的分散机理。[结论]聚羧酸盐SD-816和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯SD-208的复配体系可同时提供静电排斥作用和空间位阻,明显改善SC体系的悬浮稳定性。     

Deciphering the Binding Interactions between Acinetobacter baumannii ACP and β-ketoacyl ACP Synthase III to Improve Antibiotic Targeting Using NMR Spectroscopy

Fatty acid synthesis is essential for bacterial viability. Thus, fatty acid synthases (FASs) represent effective targets for antibiotics. Nevertheless, multidrug-resistant bacteria, including the human opportunistic bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, are emerging threats. Meanwhile, the FAS pathway of A. baumannii is relatively unexplored. Considering that acyl carrier protein (ACP) has an important role in the delivery of fatty acyl intermediates to other FAS enzymes, we elucidated the solution structure of A. baumannii ACP (AbACP) and, using NMR spectroscopy, investigated its interactions with β-ketoacyl ACP synthase III (AbKAS III), which initiates fatty acid elongation. The results show that AbACP comprises four helices, while Ca²⁺ reduces the electrostatic repulsion between acid residues, and the unconserved F47 plays a key role in thermal stability. Moreover, AbACP exhibits flexibility near the hydrophobic cavity entrance from D59 to T65, as well as in the α₁α₂ loop region. Further, F29 and A69 participate in slow exchanges, which may be related to shuttling of the growing acyl chain. Additionally, electrostatic interactions occur between the α₂ and α₃-helix of ACP and AbKAS III, while the hydrophobic interactions through the ACP α₂-helix are seemingly important. Our study provides insights for development of potent antibiotics capable of inhibiting A. baumannii FAS protein–protein interactions.     

Adenovirus-Mediated Inducible Expression of a PD-L1 Blocking Antibody in Combination with Macrophage Depletion Improves Survival in a Mouse Model of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in a growing number of malignancies. However, overcoming primary or secondary resistances is difficult due to pharmacokinetics issues and side effects associated with high systemic exposure. Local or regional expression of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using gene therapy vectors can alleviate this problem. In this work, we describe a high-capacity adenoviral vector (HCA-EFZP-aPDL1) equipped with a mifepristone-inducible system for the controlled expression of an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking antibody. The vector was tested in an immune-competent mouse model of colorectal cancer based on implantation of MC38 cells. A single local administration of HCA-EFZP-aPDL1 in subcutaneous lesions led to a significant reduction in tumor growth with minimal release of the antibody in the circulation. When the vector was tested in a more stringent setting (rapidly progressing peritoneal carcinomatosis), the antitumor effect was marginal even in combination with other immune-stimulatory agents such as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pI:C), blocking mAbs for T cell immunoglobulin, mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) or agonistic mAbs for 4-1BB (CD137). In contrast, macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes enhanced the efficacy of HCA-EFZP-aPDL1. These results highlight the importance of addressing macrophage-associated immunoregulatory mechanisms to overcome resistance to ICIs in the context of colorectal cancer.     

SUL-151 Decreases Airway Neutrophilia as a Prophylactic and Therapeutic Treatment in Mice after Cigarette Smoke Exposure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by cigarette smoke (CS) is featured by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Due to the poor efficacy of standard glucocorticoid therapy, new treatments are required. Here, we investigated whether the novel compound SUL-151 with mitoprotective properties can be used as a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment in a murine CS-induced inflammation model. SUL-151 (4 mg/kg), budesonide (500 μg/kg), or vehicle were administered via oropharyngeal instillation in this prophylactic and therapeutic treatment setting. The number of immune cells was determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Oxidative stress response, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and mitophagy-related proteins were measured in lung homogenates. SUL-151 significantly decreased more than 70% and 50% of CS-induced neutrophils in BALF after prophylactic and therapeutic administration, while budesonide showed no significant reduction in neutrophils. Moreover, SUL-151 prevented the CS-induced decrease in ATP and mitochondrial mtDNA and an increase in putative protein kinase 1 expression in the lung homogenates. The concentration of SUL-151 was significantly correlated with malondialdehyde level and radical scavenging activity in the lungs. SUL-151 inhibited the increased pulmonary inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in this CS-induced inflammation model, which implied that SUL-151 might be a promising candidate for COPD treatment.     

The Potential Role of Small-Molecule PERK Inhibitor LDN-0060609 in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Treatment

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma. Emerging evidence suggests that Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway play a key role in POAG pathogenesis. Thus, the main aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PERK inhibitor LDN-0060609 in cellular model of glaucoma using primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. To evaluate the level of the ER stress marker proteins, Western blotting and TaqMan gene expression assay were used. The cytotoxicity was measured by XTT, LDH assays and Giemsa staining, whereas genotoxicity via comet assay. Changes in cell morphology were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Analysis of apoptosis was performed by caspase-3 assay and flow cytometry (FC), whereas cell cycle progression by FC. The results obtained have demonstrated that LDN-0060609 triggered a significant decrease of ER stress marker proteins within HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Moreover, LDN-0060609 effectively increased viability, reduced DNA damage, increased proliferation, restored normal morphology, reduced apoptosis and restored normal cell cycle distribution of HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Thereby, PERK inhibitors, such as LDN-0060609, may provide an innovative, ground-breaking treatment strategy against POAG.     

水质稳定剂HPDP缓蚀阻垢性能评定

用静态阻垢，旋转挂片失得法实验研究了ＨＰＤＰ对ＣａＣＯ３，Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２等的阻垢性能以及对Ｑ２３５碳钢的缓蚀性能等。试验证明，ＨＰＤＰ是一种优良的阻垢缓蚀剂，适用于高温，高碱，高ＰＨ，高浓缩倍数的循环冷却水处理，具有广阔的应用前景。     

常减压蒸馏装置高温部位的腐蚀与防护

阐述了常减压蒸馏装置高温部位的腐蚀机理，介绍了高温防腐蚀的三种方法：正确选材、高温缓蚀剂技术及喷涂渗铝技术，建议在类似的石化装置推广使用。     

复合变质处理对铸造热锻模具钢力学性能的影响

研究了变质处理对铸造热锻模具钢力学性能的影响。结果表明：在相同热处理条件下，经RE和RE—Nb复合变质处理后，其冲击韧性与变质处理前相比分别提高了9．7和14．5J／cm^2，常温抗拉强度σb分别提高了82和234MPa，高温抗拉强度分别达到了976和994MPa，而硬度变化不大。     

新型缓蚀剂TG500在高CO2和Cl-环境中的缓蚀行为

在高温高压高CO2和Cl^-环境中，用静态高温高压模拟试验方法对不同浓度的TGS00新型咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂进行了缓蚀效率测试．结果表明，TGS00缓蚀效率随加入量增加而增加，浓度增加到0．3g／L后，缓蚀速率提高不明显．同时研究N80套管钢表面的腐蚀产物，缓蚀剂浓度较低时，以均匀腐蚀为主，加入量提高到0．3g／L时，除局部少量点蚀外，无其它明显腐蚀特征．