济南市食品中短、中链氯化石蜡的污染特征及摄入风险评估

为了解济南市市场中短链氯化石蜡(C10-13,short-chain chlorinated paraffins,SCCPs)与中链氯化石蜡(C14-17,medium-chain chlorinated paraffins,MCCPs)在食品中的分布现状与摄入风险,于2020年在济南市采集了82种不同类别食品样品,采...     

车联网基于信任度的RSU识别及资源分配算法

在车联网中,由于部分路侧单元（RSU）的位置比较偏远,无法得到网络管理员的及时维护,可能遭到攻击,变为不可信任的路侧单元,降低了车辆的通信质量和网络能效.为了有效地识别RSU的可靠性,提出了一种基于信任度的路侧单元识别及资源分配算法,将路侧单元识别、传输模式的选择和功率分配联合建模为网络能效的优化问题,并分成3个子优化问题,分别求解.首先,采用基于信任度的RSU识别算法,识别出可信任和不可信任的路侧单元;其次,优化车辆资源块配置和链路选择;最后,通过次梯度算法优化传输功率,最大化网络能效.理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提算法具备较低的复杂度,可以达到较高的路侧单元识别准确度,并有效地提升网络总能效.     

碱浓度与氢压力对氢电极过程的影响

讨论了电解质浓度和氢气压力对低载量贵金属(Pt、Pd)催化氢电极过程的影响.实验结果表明:适宜的电解质浓度为6～7mol/L;氢的气相扩散不存在极限电流;氢气压力与电位的关系符合能斯特方程;当氢镍电池选用不同的放电电流时,可相应地选用不同的氢压.     

影响贮氢电极性能因素的研究(Ⅰ)——电极制作条件和电解液浓度及添加物的影响

贮氢电极的制片压力增大,其快速放电能力增强,放电容量随循环次数增加衰减速度减慢;电极中TAB(聚四氟乙烯化的乙炔黑)含量增加,放电容量虽略有增大,但电荷保持能力明显下降,随着电解液浓度的增加,电极放电容量增大、充电效率提高、快速放电能力增强,自放电率降低,但6mol·L~(-1)以上电极性能变化不明显,说明电解液浓度至少要为6mol.L~(-1);在电解液中添加少量的PdCl_2,可使电极活化次数减少,放电电位显著提高,并对电极的交流阻抗图谱和循环伏安曲线有较大影响.     

智能型漆包线固化度测试仪的研制

本文介绍了智能型漆包线固化度测试仪的原理及组成。本仪器的价格只有进口同类仪器的大约百分之一，但测量结果却十分相近。     

大气CO2浓度缓增对冬小麦土壤呼吸的影响

为研究大气CO₂浓度缓增对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）土壤呼吸的影响,基于开顶式气室组成的CO₂浓度自动调控平台,在2017—2019年开展了两季冬小麦CO₂浓度缓增试验.每季试验在背景大气CO₂浓度基础上（CK,对照）,均设置了CO₂浓度缓增处理（C₈₀和C₁₂₀,即从2016年起逐年增加40 μmol·mol^-1,至2017—2018年和2018—2019年冬小麦生长季CO₂浓度分别为CK+80 μmol·mol^-1和CK+120 μmol·mol^-1）.采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定土壤呼吸速率.结果表明：CO₂浓度缓增没有显著改变土壤呼吸的季节变化规律,但是会显著影响冬小麦旺盛生长期的土壤呼吸速率.在2018—2019年冬小麦抽穗-扬花期,C₁₂₀处理使土壤呼吸速率显著增加50.2％（P=0.008）,且使得生长季土壤碳排放显著增加25.9％（P=0.044）,而在2017—2018年冬小麦生长季,与CK相比,C₈₀处理对土壤呼吸没有显著影响.土壤呼吸与土壤温度呈指数正相关,与CK相比,CO₂浓度缓增降低了土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性.研究表明,CO₂浓度缓增120 μmol·mol^-1增加了冬小麦生长季土壤碳排放.     

Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications

This review outlines the new developments on chitosan-based bioapplications. Over the last decade, functional biomaterials research has developed new drug delivery systems and improved scaffolds for regenerative medicine that is currently one of the most rapidly growing fields in the life sciences. The aim is to restore or replace damaged body parts or lost organs by transplanting supportive scaffolds with appropriate cells that in combination with biomolecules generate new tissue. This is a highly interdisciplinary field that encompasses polymer synthesis and modification, cell culturing, gene therapy, stem cell research, therapeutic cloning and tissue engineering. In this regard, chitosan, as a biopolymer derived macromolecular compound, has a major involvement. Chitosan is a polyelectrolyte with reactive functional groups, gel-forming capability, high adsorption capacity and biodegradability. In addition, it is innately biocompatible and non-toxic to living tissues as well as having antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity. These features highlight the suitability and extensive applications that chitosan has in medicine. Micro/nanoparticles and hydrogels are widely used in the design of chitosan-based therapeuticsystems. The chemical structure and relevant biological properties of chitosan for regenerative medicine have been summarized as well as the methods for the preparation of controlled drug release devices and their applications.     

Coalescence of bubbles and stability of foams in aqueous solutions of Tween surfactants

Coalescence of air bubbles and stability of foams in aqueous solutions of Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 are reported in this work. Adsorption of the surfactants at air–water interface was studied by measuring the surface tension of the surfactant solutions. The surface tension profiles were fitted using a surface equation of state derived from the Gibbs and Langmuir adsorption equations. The critical micelle concentration and surface tension at this concentration were determined. The effect of surfactant concentration on coalescence of air bubbles at flat air–water interface was studied. The role of steric force on coalescence time was investigated. The coalescence time distributions were fitted by the stochastic model. The mean values of the distributions were compared with the predictions of seven film-drainage models. Stability of foams was analyzed by the Ross–Miles test. The initial and residual foam heights were measured at different surfactant concentrations. The stability of foams was compared with the coalescence time of the bubbles.     

金属磁记忆检测技术研究进展综述

介绍了金属磁记忆检测技术原理及其研究现状,总结了磁记忆检测技术存在的问题和未来发展方向。     

低入口浓度下微旋风分离器的试验研究

设计了公称直径75mm的微旋风分离器,在低入口浓度下对其进行试验研究.结果表明,该微旋风分离器的分离效率随着流量的增加先上升后下降,并随入口浓度的增加而上升,在雾滴平均粒径为31 μm、流量为56Nm3/h、入口浓度为12.4mg/L时,分离效率在78.3％以上,适用于加氢裂化工艺中循环氢的脱硫处理.笔者根据实验数据还...