某氢气往复式压缩机连接螺栓的断裂原因

某氢气往复式压缩机在正常工作一段时间后,其连接螺栓发生断裂.通过断口宏观与微观形貌观察、化学成分分析、显微组织观察、力学性能测试等方法,对该连接螺栓的断裂原因进行分析.结果表明:该连接螺栓的断裂性质为低应力高周疲劳断裂.在交变载荷作用下,微裂纹在螺栓螺纹根部高应力集中区域萌生;螺栓热处理不当导致形成回火索氏体、上贝氏体...     

新型玻璃纤维复合滤料在燃煤锅炉烟气治理上的应用探讨

针对我国燃煤锅炉烟气具有高温、高浓度和工况复杂等特点,研发新型滤料以达到高效烟气净化的目的。分析对比新型梯度滤料、梯度覆膜结构玻璃纤维复合滤料与常规滤料的性能差异,试验表明新型滤料技术具有价廉、除尘效率高、易清灰等优点,滤料的使用状况还需工程检验。     

基于对数极坐标变换的景像匹配算法研究

针对成像制导过程中对实时性和准确性的要求,对存在旋转和尺度变化的航拍照片的匹配进行研究,提出了一种基于对数极坐标变换的匹配和跟踪算法.匹配时先对基准图和实时图按多分辨率金字塔法进行对数极坐标变换,利用对数极坐标的旋转和尺度不变性进行匹配.匹配后,用相对运动时目标的对数极坐标变换图像梯度下降最小相异评估方法对目标进行跟踪,通过对航拍照片进行匹配测试,证明了这种方法的有效性.     

基于法拉第旋光效应的葡萄糖浓度传感研究

本文主要研究葡萄糖、葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)以及两者的混合溶液的法拉第磁致旋光效应,为基于法拉第旋光效应的葡萄糖传感器提供了理论依据,研究介质的旋光特性,可以更好地提升光电传感器的性能,更广泛地应用光电传感器.在法拉第磁致旋光效应中,当介质处于磁场中时,平面偏振光透过该介质时,偏振面会旋转一个角度.将不同浓度的溶液置于磁...     

基于形态学梯度的X射线数字图像边缘检测方法

研究和分析了形态学梯度算子,提出了一种适合X射线数字图像边缘检测的多尺度形态学梯度算子;这种算子的取值来自于膨胀梯度图和腐蚀梯度图中同位置像素的最小值,它结合了膨胀和腐蚀的优点。也考虑了X射线数字图像对比度低的特点;实验证明这是一种检测X射线数字图像边缘的有效方法。     

Fabrication of porous titania sheet via tape casting: Microstructure and water permeability study

In this article, we report the effects of slurry formulation and sintering conditions on the microstructure and permeability of porous titania sheets prepared by tape casting. It was found that solid concentration and binder content in the titania slurry play a vital role in the porosity and microstructure of the sintered titania sheets. Solid concentration and binder content were optimized based on the green tape quality and open porosity of the sintered titania sheets. The optimum solid concentration with the lowest surface roughness was obtained at 0.61 g/cm³. The effects of temperature and sintering time on the open porosity and crystal structure of the final product were also investigated. Increasing the sintering temperature from 1000 to 1100 °C resulted in increasing the pore size from 170 to 264 nm and decreasing the open porosity. Finally, water permeability of the porous titania sheets was studied to evaluate the permeation flux and maximum operating pressure. The results revealed that the permeability of the porous titania sheet is increased not only by increasing the open porosity but also by increasing the pore size.     

Optimization of Gallium concentration to improve the performance of ZnO nanopowders for nanophotonic applications

This study reports the effects of gallium concentration on the properties of doped zinc oxide nanopowders. Both pure and gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO) nanoparticles were prepared via a simple and effective sol-gel method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of synthesized GZO nanopowders were investigated using different characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray and ion-beam-induced luminescence (IBIL) measurements. Firstly, in the presence of Ga ions in the host the purity of synthesized sample was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of bonding states of Zn, O, and Ga on the surface of powders. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that the increase of Ga content upper than 1 at.% leads to an increase in the number of defects in the ZnO lattice. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed that the uniform integration of spherical and hexagonal rod shape particles can be found in the doped samples. According to FESEM images, the particle size of prepared nanopowders increased from 101 to 200 nm by increasing in the Ga doping concentration. The photoluminescence, X-ray and ion beam induced luminescence results of the pure and doped ZnO powders revealed novel blue-green emission band from 400 up to 550 nm at room temperature. Optical and structural studies confirmed the optimized Ga concentration is 1 at.%.     

膨胀机主轴缝隙腐蚀的电化学分析

为探究膨胀机主轴的缝隙腐蚀行为,搭建了模拟缝隙腐蚀实验装置。通过电化学测试,确定了不同缝隙位置处的自腐蚀电位随时间的变化规律,并揭示了缝隙内腐蚀反应的发展过程。结果表明:缝隙内腐蚀反应经历双电层形成-氧浓差电池形成-金属水解三个反应过程。在富氧条件下,腐蚀产物的主要成分为Fe(OH)2。随着氧气的耗尽,氧浓差电池形成,腐蚀产物逐渐向FeOOH和Fe3O4转变。     

柱淋滤模式下生活垃圾焚烧炉渣中Cu2+和Zn2+浸出规律

垃圾焚烧炉渣是一种活性材料,在其储存、预处理及应用等过程与雨水频繁接触时,炉渣中重金属随着水域环境发生迁移和浸出现象。本研究采用连续柱淋滤试验装置模拟自然降雨,开展了0～5mm和5～10mm焚烧炉渣的动态淋滤毒性浸出分析,重点研究了pH和降雨强度对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的浸出影响。结果表明,动态淋滤过程中,淋滤液pH变化对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的浸出水平影响显著,且在酸性较强淋滤液作用下Cu²⁺浸出水平比Zn²⁺更强,与Ⅴ类地表水环境浓度限值对比,在整个淋滤时间内Cu²⁺浸出浓度严重超标,在炉渣工程应用时需预防相关的环境风险;原生炉渣粒径大小与重金属浸出水平无直接相关性,但是0～5mm细炉渣中可浸出Zn²⁺含量更高,这与细颗粒物中Zn赋存形态和可溶出态含量较高有关;淋滤强度对重金属浸出水平影响主要反应了动态淋滤过程液固比和水分运移速率情况,当较低淋滤强度时具有低液固比,溶出液中重金属含量较高。     

低浓度挥发性有机物吸附浓缩材料的研究进展

由于挥发性有机物（VOCs）会对环境造成严重的危害,因此VOCs的处理一直备受人们的关注,但发展高效的VOCs处理技术仍然存在严峻的挑战。本文针对大风量、低浓度VOCs的处理展开了综述,重点围绕吸附、催化燃烧处理展开讨论。对于大风量的低浓度VOCs,虽然浓度较低但VOCs排放量非常巨大。通过VOCs浓缩技术,提高浓度减少风量成为降低VOCs处理成本的有效途径。其中,发展高性能VOCs吸附材料是VOCs浓缩技术的关键。阐明了活性炭、分子筛等重要吸附材料的性质及其吸附VOCs的原理,并对吸附材料性质和VOCs种类对吸附效果的影响进行了探讨。展望了活性炭浓缩-催化燃烧技术和分子筛转轮浓缩-催化燃烧技术在大风量的低浓度VOCs处理中的应用前景。