随机徐变应力影响下重力坝时变可靠度初探

由于重力坝的随机温度场以及随机徐变应力场均为非平稳随机过程，由此所涉及的结构可靠度是非平稳向量随机过程非线性组合的时变可靠度．本文计入重力坝徐变应力场和混凝土强度随机性的影响，将时变可靠度的数值解法与随机有限元法相结合，模拟施工过程，对一典型重力坝的时变可靠度进行了计算，得出了一些有益的结论．     

珠江三角洲土坝和堤围震害初步预测

本项预测采用概率方法,即首先根据广东省水利部门提出的55座土坝和59个重点的座标(见附图),进行概率地震危险性分析,给出它们在一定预测年限T(取50年和100年)的地震烈度Ⅰ的超越概率;其次根据近年我国发生的几次强震时处于不同烈度区内的土坝和堤防的震害资料,形成表示土坝和土堤地震易损性的震害概率矩阵;然后,根据上述两方面结果用概率公式评价各土坝和堤围点在预测年限内各震害等级的超越概率,并取10％超越概率为标准,估计震害等级。结果表明,珠江三角洲土工构筑物的地震危害性南部高于北部。     

大坝施工混凝土质量的评价体系

本文介绍了大坝施工混凝土质量的评价系统软件的设计思路和设计成果。它利用现代计算机技术和应用模糊数学理论评价混凝土重力坝和拱坝单块和整体的质量。在采用模糊综合评价工程质量中，对不同工艺环节，对坝体不同部位，鉴于其质量要求的差异应赋予不同的权重，在权重的取值上采用了专家调查排序，定量转化的方法是比较适宜的。在程序设计中，评价数学模型采用了BASIC程序，访膜块通过*TXT文件实现了与整个大坝混凝土质量微机管理系统的接口及数据传递。操作运行方便灵活。     

混凝土结构非线性全过程分析中的迭代控制法研究

在深入研究各类迭代控制法的基础上，针对混凝土结构的非线性全过程分析，在常规的位移和弧长控制法中引入了简单适用的考虑路径搜寻和单因加速的方法，明显改善了收敛情况。     

动态模糊神经网络在大坝变形预报中的应用

针对静态模糊神经网络的局限性,提出了在线动态建模的模糊神经网络方法.当新增样本进入训练集之后,根据新样本对模型的贡献大小,在已有模型的基础上进行动态修正,这样可以减少建模的计算时间.新方法实现了增加样本而矩阵阶数不增加,避免了矩阵求逆运算,理论上可以提高计算效率.实例表明动态模糊神经网络方法是可行的,可实现持久预报,具有较强的适应能力和较高的预报精度,可应用于在线实时变形预报及相关领域.     

柔性纤维混凝土的疲劳特性研究

将柔性纤维掺入水泥混凝土可以大幅度提高混凝土的弯曲疲劳等路用性能,并通过试验建立了柔性纤维混凝土的疲劳方程.结果表明,柔性纤维不但能使混凝土的强度提高,更主要的是可以在重交通条件下,可成倍地提高混凝土的弯曲疲劳寿命.     

气囊在建筑施工中的应用

对气囊在路基压实密度检测、空心板梁制作和大型混凝土构件搬运中的运用进行了分析,指出将气囊这种先进的施工工艺应用到建筑施工中,加快了施工进度,确保了工程施工质量,并降低了工程施工成本,值得推广使用。     

混凝土构件承载力计算的Excel实现

运用Excel软件,高效解决了混凝土结构计算中较复杂的圆形截面偏压构件的承载力计算问题。该编程计算方法同样适用于土力学、水力学、钢结构等领域。对于解决工程中的各种学科计算问题有着广阔的应用前景。     

Impact of dams on point bar habitat: a case for the extirpation of the Sacramento Valley Tiger Beetle,C. hirticollis abrupta

Quantitative analyses of flow and stage data, remote sensing and geographic information systems analysis, and field studies were used to assess the impact of dams and diversions on the point bar habitat of the Sacramento Valley Tiger Beetle (Cicindela hirticollis abrupta). The reaches of interest include sites of known historic populations of C. h. abrupta along the Sacramento River from approximately 8 km north of Colusa southward to the confluence with the Feather River and along the Feather River between Yuba City and its confluence with the Sacramento River. The results from this study show that construction of two major dams has altered flows such that prolonged and increased flows during summer, fall, and early winter have most likely disrupted life cycles, flooded larvae, drowned overwintering adults and led to high mortality. Additionally, habitat availability has decreased over time because point bars have decreased in number and area causing increased distances between populations and isolation of populations. Moreover, point bar armouring, channel scouring, altered flows, redirected flows through weirs, and lithologic controls have produced a bimodal distribution of mean grain sizes in the Sacramento River in which the more northern bars contain gravel deposits and more southern bars possess fine sands. These conditions negatively alter moisture retention and sediment compaction and, consequently, burrowing conditions needed by this tiger beetle. Additionally, more stabilized flows (reduced variability) and increased fine‐grained deposition have enabled development and encroachment of vegetation onto the sand bars. Finally, human stresses, such as foot traffic and vehicular traffic may have interfered with burrowing, ovipositing, and foraging. The combination of these stress factors has most likely led to a reduction in source populations and, ultimately, the apparent extirpation of the entire metapopulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.