面源污染中磷流失多重影响因素主成分分析

为全面了解对美国中部Illinois州具有浅层排水系统的轮作农业地区的面源污染问题,利用主成分分析方法及多元线性回归,对Little Vermillion River流域磷流失影响因素主成分进行分析.结果表明,磷流失的影响因素基本分为3大主成分:一是生物主成分,包括温度、植被类型、覆盖因子、生物量、散蒸量;二是水力主成分,降雨及流量;三是人为干扰主成分,施肥量及耕作内容.其中水力主成分对流失的影响最大,尤其是对浅层排水中磷流失的影响.     

大型桁架临时固结法吊装工法

超高、超重、超长桁架吊装施工的桁架稳定性,历来受到施工单位高度重视,能否在节省费用的同时做到施工安全及线性美观,是施工企业能否做到经济、迅速、高效的关键。京能水洞沟电厂输煤系统7号栈桥工程钢桁架架空结构吊装中,采用了新的施工工法,取得了良好的效果,为相似工程的施工积累了宝贵的经验,值得在类似结构的工程施工中借鉴。     

液烃干燥器改造分析

通过对现有液烃干燥器排液,泄压操作运行状态研究分析,提出可行改造方案,优化液烃干燥器排放,泄压操作,达到液烃干燥器长周期运行,丙烯产品水含量合格,降低生产运行成本,节省能耗。     

真空降水联合强夯法加固粉土路基的研究

结合绍兴滨海新城新东线道路的软基处理工程,进行了真空井点降水联合强夯法的现场试验研究。试验过程中对每遍处理过程中的孔隙水压力、地下水位、施工沉降进行了实时监测和分析,并对加固后的路基进行静力触探检测和地基承载力检测。结果表明:真空井点降水联合强夯法可有效加固深厚饱和粉土路基,能加快孔隙水压力消散,缩短工期;并使加固后土体的Ps值和地基承载力显著提高,有效加固深度达8 m,处理效果显著。     

深井煤层群首采下保护层工作面瓦斯治理技术

本文以千米深井——朱集煤矿1242(1)首采工作面的瓦斯治理为例,提出并实施了地面钻井、高抽巷和采空区埋管相结合的瓦斯分源治理综合技术,分别抽采上覆13-1煤层卸压瓦斯、顶板瓦斯富集区瓦斯和上隅角瓦斯。实践表明,1242(1)工作面平均绝对瓦斯涌出量为68.8m3/min,地面钻井平均瓦斯抽采量为28.7m3/min,占瓦斯涌出量的42.2%,高抽巷平均瓦斯抽采量为30.7m3/min,占瓦斯涌出量的45.2%,瓦斯抽采率高达87.4%,回风流瓦斯浓度低于0.4%,实现深井高瓦斯煤层群首采下保护层工作面的安全高效开采。研究成果对类似条件矿井首采层工作面的瓦斯治理有指导价值。     

饱和粘土中球孔扩张问题弹塑性解析

为了研究静力触探试验及沉桩扩孔等工程问题,基于修正剑桥模型,推导了不排水条件下球孔扩张问题的半解析解。将扩张球孔周围土体分为临界状态区、塑性区以及弹性区三个区域。弹性区内,利用弹性理论得到应力和孔隙水压力的解答;临界状态区及塑性区内,利用相关联的流动法则、拉格朗日分析法建立了关于应力的一阶非线性常微分方程组,以弹塑性界面处的应力分量作为初值,求解微分方程组可得到应力和孔隙水压力的解答。研究结果表明：各向同性超固结比对扩孔压力、土体应力、超孔隙水压力以及塑性区范围均具有显著影响,且扩孔过程中土体剪切模量并非常量,其随扩孔半径、各向同性超固结比的变化而变化;同时通过与已有解答进行比较,对本文方法的可靠性进行了验证。     

顶管法工作井土体加固对围护结构的影响研究

顶管法工作井的坑内、坑外土体加固对控制地表沉降和围护结构的侧向位移有显著作用。以天津地区某人行地道为背景,首先研究了坑底土体加固深度和加固程度对围护结构的影响,确定了合理的加固深度和加固程度。然后结合盾构法进出洞口土体加固的工程经验,给出了较为合理的顶管法进出洞口土体加固的范围,并结合相关规范及工程经验提出了一种将进出洞口加固后的土体计入围护结构计算的方法。本文的研究成果和计算方法为顶管法工作井土体加固的设计提供了参考。     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.     

城市排水防涝规划编制要点探讨--以常州为例

以常州为例,探讨了平原水网城市排水（雨水）防涝综合规划编制要点,提出了从内涝风险评估、规划标准制定、防涝工程体系完善等方面加强规划研究,着重从河网水系梳理、排涝设施建设、市政雨水通道安排、易淹易涝片区整治、低影响开发等方面构建城市防涝工程体系,保障城市排水安全。     

Recent progress in improving ductility of ultra-high strength nanostructured metals

Until very recently, the reported tensile ductility of ultra-high strength nanocrystalline metals was disappointingly low. This article presents a brief overview of recent progress in identifying a group of nanostructured bulk elemental metals that offer not only gigapascal strength but also decent ductility. These include electrodeposited nanocrystalline or nano-twinned metals, and consolidated full-density nanocrystalline metals. Our own recent studies of these interesting nanomaterials, extending our previous/parallel success in optimizing the properties of bulk nanostructured metals prepared via severe plastic deformation, also demonstrated unprecedented tensile plastic strains.