Institutional diversity and safe drinking water provision in the United States

In the United States, community water systems are not only numerous but also diverse. Nonetheless, operational scale and public versus private ownership have dominated the understanding of safe water access, leaving underexplored many other factors related to governance. Applying insights from the Institutional Analysis and Design literature, we create and analyze a dataset of California's water systems classified into 26 structural types associated with distinct governance institutions. We document differences in the number of Safe Drinking Water Act violations among these types and demonstrate their relevance for implementing solutions targeting non-compliance. Advancing equitable access necessitates greater attention to organizational structure and institutional diversity in drinking water provision.     

SLA-driven container consolidation with usage prediction for green cloud computing

Since service level agreement(SLA)is essentially used to maintain reliable quality of service between cloud providers and clients in cloud environment,there has been a growing effort in reducing power consumption while complying with the SLA by maximizing physical machine(PM)-level utilization and load balancing techniques in infrastructure as a service.However,with the recent introduction of container as a service by cloud providers,containers are increasingly popular and will become the major deployment model in the cloud environment and specifically in platform as a service.Therefore,reducing power consumption while complying with the SLA at virtual machine(VM)-level becomes essential.In this context,we exploit a container consolidation scheme with usage prediction to achieve the above objectives.To obtain a reliable characterization of overutilized and underutilized PMs,our scheme jointly exploits the current and predicted CPU utilization based on local history of the considered PMs in the process of the container consolidation.We demonstrate our solution through simulations on real workloads.The experimental results show that the container consolidation scheme with usage prediction reduces the power consumption,number of container migrations,and average number of active VMs while complying with the SLA.     

Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history. Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains, current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis. Based on existing findings, this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation. Using a mixed-method of historical archives, fieldwork and simulation model, this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis. Further, it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west. Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel, setting the spatial structure of human settlements, and the development of city space. The location, layout, and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.     

软土地区管幕群顶管施工地面沉降监测与分析

依托上海14号线桂桥路站管幕段实例工程,对管幕群顶管顶进施工过程地面沉降情况进行监测,分析群顶管施工对地面沉降的影响,在此过程中对本工程采用水土分算或合算进行讨论。根据顶进过程实际工况和监测数据,分析管幕群顶管施工影响地面的原因,提出相应控制措施。结果表明:①管幕群顶管施工引起最大地面沉降出现在始发井出加固区区域;②在本工程中采用水土合算计算正面土压力较为符合实际情况;③管幕群顶管施工过程中影响地面变形的因素主要包括前舱压力、顶进速度、洞门止水、管壁摩擦和同步注浆等方面。     

Method for calculating horizontal drain induced non-linear and large strain degree of consolidation

Consolidating dredged clay slurries using a combination of vacuum pressure and prefabricated horizontal drains (PHDs) is widely used in practice. This is a large strain problem, but there is no existing large strain theory for PHD induced consolidation. A method with explicit equations has been proposed to consider both mechanical and geometrical non-linearities in analyzing PHD induced consolidation. The method considers stepwise variation of properties using imaginary time concept. An imaginary time is determined by the condition of continuity of degree of consolidation before and after changing the properties. Then the method was applied to analyze a large scale model test of vacuum consolidation with PHD. Two analyses were conducted. One considered both the mechanical and geometrical non-linearity (large strain), and another only considered mechanical non-linearity (small strain). The results of large strain analysis agree with the measured settlement curve and excess pore pressures well. While the small strain analysis under-estimated the rate of consolidation significantly. The results from this study indicate that for analyzing PHD induced consolidation of clay slurries considering the effect of large strain is important, and the proposed method can be a useful design tool.     

Heuristics based server consolidation with residual resource defragmentation in cloud data centers

Server Consolidation is one of the foremost concerns associated with the effective management of a Cloud Data Center as it has the potential to accomplish significant reduction in the overall cost and energy consumption. Most of the existing works on Server Consolidation have focused only on reducing the number of active physical servers (PMs) using Virtual Machine (VM) Live Migration. But, along with reducing the number of active PMs, if a consolidation approach reduces residual resource fragmentation, the residual resources can be efficiently used for new VM allocations, or VM reallocations, and some future migrations can also be reduced. None of the existing works have explicitly focused on reducing residual resource fragmentation along with reducing the number of active PMs to the best of our knowledge. We propose RFAware Server Consolidation, a heuristics based server consolidation approach which performs residual resource defragmentation along with reducing the number of active PMs in cloud data centers.     

地基最终沉降量计算方法的改进

利用传递矩阵法计算分层均质地基中的应力并应用于地基的最终沉降量计算;给出了双层地基在荷载作用下分层界面处的平均附加应力系数,对《建筑地基基础设计规范》中地基沉降计算提出了改进方法,结果与实测值更吻合。     

传统居住环境可持续发展的途径

随着２１世纪的即将到来,人居环境建设该如何面对现实,走可持续发展的道路,是摆在我们面前必须要回答的问题．本文结合对变革中传统居住环境发展途径的探讨,试图理顺影响和制约人居环境的诸多因素,建构整体理论框架,以求全方位地把握课题所提出的背景、概念、意义和目标等,寻求人居环境建设在形态结构理论研究及实践方面的发展模式．     

数据中心网络中相关感知流量整合算法

随着大数据、云计算不断融入人们的日常生活,作为支撑其发展的基础设施--数据中心网络的能耗也在急剧增长。为了解决这个问题,学术界提出了能量感知路由（Energy-Aware Routing,EAR）。EAR的主要思想是通过将流量需求聚集在网络链路的子集,并睡眠未使用的网络设备以节省能量。但是在流量低谷时期频繁地切换网络设备模式可能会导致网络振荡甚至网络性能下降。因此提出了一种相关感知流量整合（Correlation-Aware Traffic Consolidation,CATC）算法。提出了基于软件定义网络（Software Defined Network,SDN）的CATC模型,即在流量整合时考虑了流之间的相关性,并结合链路速率来实现更高的节能。在流量约束和链路容量约束下将CATC模型转换为一个最优流量分配问题,并提出CATC算法来求解。仿真结果显示,与现有的节能算法相比,CATC算法在仅仅增加极少网络延迟的同时可以为数据中心网络节省大约45%的能量。