石油烃污染土壤活性碳增强微波热修复及菌剂深度降解试验研究

利用活性碳增强微波热效应对某石油化工厂区石油烃污染土壤进行修复研究,在微波处理最佳条件下,考察场地石油烃污染土壤的处理效果,通过三维荧光(3D-EEM)和气相色谱(GC)分析了石油烃污染物的组分和去除特性,并采用菌剂强化法对修复后的土壤进行深度生物降解试验.结果 表明:活性碳增强微波热修复技术对石油烃污染土壤具有较好的...     

TGS360 pro超前预报地下水的地震波场正演模拟分析 ——以岩溶模型为例

为了避免隧道开挖过程中由对掌子面前方地下水赋存状态探测不准而发生涌水事故,通过隧道地质超前预报TGS360系统,利用地震波信号的瞬时幅度和瞬时频率与岩体结构面的关系,准确、高效地对掌子面前方的赋水体进行探测,同时基于TGS360pro隧道超前预报系统原理,采用谱元法对掌子面前方存在充水溶洞的地质模型进行数值正演模拟,在...     

PMS/Fe0体系中自由基产率比及莠去津降解动力学

针对水体中存在的难降解农药莠去津（ATZ）污染问题,提出零价铁活化过氧单硫酸盐（PMS/Fe⁰）降解水中的ATZ,研究不同工艺参数（溶液pH、PMS投加量、Fe⁰投加量、ATZ初始浓度）条件下ATZ的降解动力学。采用硝基苯（NB）和ATZ竞争实验的方法,原位鉴定PMS/Fe⁰体系的自由基种类,并进一步基于稳态假设定量推导得到自由基产率比的公式。最后,研究了模拟地下水条件下PMS/Fe⁰对ATZ的降解规律。结果表明：ATZ降解的假一级速率常数(k_obs),随pH的增加而降低,随ATZ初始浓度的增加而降低,随Fe⁰投量增加而增加,随PMS的投量先增加后降低,在PMS投量为25μmol/L时最大。NB和ATZ的竞争实验结果表明,PMS/Fe⁰体系中的活性物种为硫酸根自由基（SO^-₄·）和羟基自由基（·OH）,且两种自由基的产率比为10.5∶1。在模拟地下水条件下,Fe⁰和PM...     

任意多边形网格剖分的潜水层水流模型

为了提高潜水含水层水流数值模型网格剖分的灵活性,利用多点通量近似方法,建立适用于任意多边形网格剖分的潜水层水流数值模型. 通过4个案例验证模型的有效性,将新模型与通用软件MODFLOW的模拟结果进行对比. 结果显示,新模型计算结果与MODFLOW的结果有良好的一致性. 在具有复杂边界形状的案例中,新模型的均方根误差均小于对应的MODFLOW的均方根误差,说明使用任意多边形网格剖分的新模型表现优于MODFLOW模型. 研究结果表明,新模型有潜力应用于具有复杂边界形状的潜水层的水流过程模拟.     

胶原纤维负载锆(Ⅳ)吸附剂的制备及其吸附水中氟离子的研究

以胶原纤维为基质负载Zr(Ⅳ)制备新型吸附剂(ZrCF),考察了Zr4+浓度对制备吸附材料的影响,并探讨了该纤维材料对高氟地下水中氟离子的富集作用和对舍氟废水深度处理的吸附作用.结果表明:制备ZrCF适宜的Zr4+浓度是6.67mmol/g,适宜的吸附pH值范围是4.0～9.0,0.05 g的吸附剂对于氟离子质量浓度为...     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

Polymeric organogel as an effective approach for eradication of heavy metal ions As,Pb, Cd,and Cr from the surface of groundwater through adsorption stratagem

Excess metal pollutant has affected and caused serious havoc in the lives of terrestrial as well as aquatic beings. The core of this work revolves around eradicating highly toxic heavy metal ions from underground water systems using a cost-effective, high removal efficiency polymeric adsorbent capable of adsorbing and removing ionic metals whose backbone is composed of a bio-degradable polymer, polyvinyl alcohol. The obtained adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, HNMR, and P-XRD. Morphological studies were carried out using SEM. Detection and adsorption of metal ions were performed using SEM–EDX and AAS; wherein the adsorbent was found to remove nearly 80% of arsenic ions, 70.5% and 70.7% for lead and chromium ions while 60.7% for cadmium ions, respectively. Further, the kinetics of adsorption along with intraparticle diffusion studies were also performed to determine the mechanism alongside observing the isothermal influence of the sorbent. The adsorption capacity was seen to be highest in arsenic at around 570.42 mg g⁻¹ thus acting as a potential and effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from groundwater.     

原位厌氧修复化工园区地下水有机污染物的研究进展

综述了化工园区的发展带来的地下水污染现状、地下水主要有机污染物和地下水原位生物修复的研究进展,重点探讨了厌氧修复技术相关的有机污染物厌氧降解,并对地下水厌氧修复技术研究前景进行了简要分析。     

安徽淮河以南地下水资源及其开发利用

概述淮河以南地下水区域贮存与开采条件,结合工业、生活中开发利用地下水资源现状,讨论了地下水在农村人饮及城镇工业与生活中的重要作用.     

基于体图形学的地下水资源分析与表示研究

详细介绍了体图形学在地下水资源分析与表示中的应用原理与相关技术 ,并针对应用对象介绍了开发一个地下水资源三维可视化系统的过程及其应具有的基本功能