利用红外图像特征和径向基概率神经网络识别不同湿度条件下绝缘子的污秽等级

提出一种利用污秽绝缘子红外图像特征和径向基概率神经网络(RBPNN)来检测不同湿度条件下自然污秽绝缘子污秽等级的新方法。采用修正后的阿尔法滤波器和基于波谷的图像分割方法对绝缘子红外图像进行预处理。提取了不同湿度条件下的图像背景(周围环境)的平均温度、绝缘子盘面区域的最高温度、绝缘子盘面区域的平均温度、绝缘子盘面温度分布的方差值作为反映污秽等级的4个特征量。通过RBPNN建立了湿度及污秽特征与污秽等级之间的映射关系,并利用训练好的RBPNN识别绝缘子污秽等级;另外提出一种梯度算法与随机性方法相结合的算法来确定RBPNN的隐中心、宽度控制参数及权值矩阵。实验结果证明该方法能有效识别不同湿度条件下绝缘子的污秽等级。     

第四纪松散沉积层深基坑降水三维非稳定流数值模拟

目的探讨长江三角洲巨厚第四纪松散沉积层深基坑非完整井降水模拟算的理论．方法采用三维有限元数值模拟理论，以上海环球金融中心深基坑降水为例，模拟了在多层含水层复合存在、含水层最深底板埋深达149m、基坑周围挡水连续墙埋深达34m、抽水井埋深达55m．抽水井过滤器埋深为34～55m．基坑内地下水位降至埋深达26．6m的情况下的地下水复杂流动状态．结果得出的8口抽水井优化降水方案经后续工程验证正确、可靠．结论三维有限元数值模拟理论用于模拟预测此类地区的深基坑降水具有较高的可信度，采用“置大数”法处理第一类边界条件和改进单元传导矩阵调整法处理自由面边界条件能提高模型的计算速度和稳定性．     

南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域悬浮泥沙的遥感反演研究

利用2003年实测的悬浮体样品和遥感反射率数据以及美国NOAA气象卫星AVHRR数据的可见光波段,进行了南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域悬浮泥沙的遥感反演研究.结果发现:悬沙浓度和实测遥感反射率之间存在很好的线性关系(R2=0.9537, n=39),利用该关系式进行该区悬沙遥感反演取得了较好的结果.遥感反演证明,研究区悬沙浓度值由高至低从沙洲中部向沙洲周围延伸;悬沙的分布呈现出明显的季节性,秋季悬沙浓度值一般为春季的1/5;且秋季悬沙的平面扩散范围要小于春季的扩散范围.以上研究结果可为我国海岸带泥沙实时监测和悬浮泥沙遥感定量研究提供必要的基础资料.     

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Fluorine in Shallow Groundwater of Tongshan Area

Tongshan area, a part of the floodplain of the abandoned Huanghe River, is one of the popular endemic fluorosis areas in East China. One of the reasons is high concentration of fluorine in shallow groundwater. Test results of 36 groundwater samples show that fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater is 0.18-6.7mg/L and 50% of the samples exceed the Chinese drinking water quality standard. There exists a significant negative correlation in content between Ca^2 and F^-. The correlations between fluorine concentration and other cations (for example Na^ , K^ , Mg^2 ) are not significant. The content of dissolved fluorine from the flooding sediments of the Huanghe River that varying from 5.6mg/kg to 15.2mg/kg plays an important role in forming the high fluorine groundwater. Usually, the dissolved fluorine content in silt is much higher than that in silty clay and clay. According to the geological investigation fluorine content in deep groundwater (over 60m) is less than 1.0mg/L and suitable for drinking, so it is an effective measure to prevent endemic fluorosis by extracting deep groundwater in disease areas.     

Simulation of Artificial Grain Feeding in Order to Reach Dynamical Bed Stabilisation Along the River Rhine

The Wesel-Xanten stretch of the fiver Rhine between km-812.5 and km-821.5 is one of the reaches where strong erosion leads to high maintenance efforts conceming navigability.In order to improve the naviga- tion conditions without aggravating the flood protection,but also ensuring that the ecological system of the river is not damaged,investigations of the morphodynamical processes in connection with artificial grain feeding ac- tivities have to be carried out by Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute.The performance of artificial grain feeding along a stretch of the lower Rhine near Wesel to prevent bed erosion by balancing sedi- ment transport was simulated in a scientific way by sensitivity studies in a 2D depth-average numerical model with graded sediment transport approach.The target of the investigations is to study the interaction of bed load supply and hydro-/morphodynamical features,and then especially to analyse and control the grain feeding measures in this section of the Rhine river.First the administrative background and target of artificial grain feeding along the waterways and then the special features regarding flow and transport characteristics of the stretch are described.After introducing shortly the mathematical basis for modelling graded sediment transport and some special treatments for the case of artificial grain feeding activities,some validation results for graded sediment are discussed.A series of numerical simulations with the objective of testing the model sensitivity to different model parameters has been carried out.Further,results of numerical simulations for the case of grain feeding are presented.     

An Investigation of Stochastic Nature of Bed Load Motion in Chuanjiang River

Bed Load Motion and its transport rate is one of the basic issues in river dynamics.In this paper, the authors discussed the stochastic nature of bed load motion in Chuanjiang River in details.Chungjiang lies in the upstream reach of Yangtze River.Its stochastic nature is shown in the following four aspects.Firstly, even though all the conditions are the same,due to the fluctuation of the flow,the bed load discharge and the location and width of sediment transport belts are different.Secondly,during the process of bed load motion, pebbles show the strong nature of intermittence.Thirdly,the sediment discharges through upstream and down- stream reach are not equal,i.e.the pebble motion exists the discontinuity.Fourthly,annual mean transport rates of bed load for different stations are different and variation of transport rate of pebbles for a given station with year is large.The four aspects will be discussed one by one detailedly.     

钛合金表面微弧氧化技术的研究

微弧氧化是一项在有色金属表面原位生长陶瓷膜的新技术,利用该技术可在钛合金表面生成耐磨、耐蚀、耐高温以及电绝缘性能优异的陶瓷膜层.介绍了微弧氧化技术的基本原理、钛合金微弧氧化的发展及现状,并提出了钛合金表面微弧氧化技术发展的新思路.     

排沙漏斗优化及输沙特性试验研究

采用大比尺模型试验对排沙漏斗体型进行了优化研究，通过设置适当的悬板和调流墩以及漏斗的体型、尺寸，形成稳定的三维螺旋流使水沙分离实现连续排沙。排沙下界粒径较大时，可以选择较小的漏斗尺寸．使涡流强度提高以较小的耗水率排放泥沙。排沙下界粒径很小时，须选择较大的漏斗尺寸，使涡流强度适当以避免细颗粒泥沙因紊动上浮而被带入引水渠，同时还要避免泥沙在漏斗内淤积。直径60m的漏斗经优化体后，试验结果表明，工作流量为40-50m^3／s，粒径大于0．1mm的泥沙排除率达到90％，而排沙耗水率小于10％，效果良好。     

从三门峡水库的运行看潼关高程的变化

本文根据三门峡水库长期的运行资料，对三门峡水库淤积和潼关高程的变化进行了分析研究。潼关高程和入库水沙减少有重要的关系，但是水库运行也很大程度影响潼关高程。资料显示，三门峡水库潼关以下的淤积量和连续三年平均坝前水位有正比关系，而潼关高程和上述淤积又有正比相关关系。所以，降低水库的运用水位是降低潼关高程的必要条件。切实降低水库运行水位，潼关高程降低到326m附近是可能的。即使在目前水沙减少的条件下，结合降低水位运行的溯源冲刷和中小洪水的沿程冲刷，降低潼关高程仍然是可能的。     

钨锡细泥回收工艺的改进及生产实践

简要分析了大江选厂和大龙山选厂的矿石性质和原细泥回收工艺，提出了细泥回收工艺的改进意见。近两年的生产实践证明，细泥回收工艺改进是成功的，大江选厂的钨锡细泥实收率分别提高了25．42％、26．67％，大龙山选厂的钨钼细泥实收率分别提高了16．43％、2．21％，年新增效益96．455万元，经济效益显著。