基于化学条件下静态释放模拟研究太行湖底泥TP分布特征

本文通过分析太行湖底泥中TP的时空分布特征,着重对底泥TP释放进行了室内静态模拟研究,并建立了TP释放速率数学模型,其研究结果可为湖区内源底泥TP污染控制提供参考依据。     

明渠交汇区水位变化特性试验研究

交汇河流在自然界中普遍存在,水流相互作用突出,水位流量关系变化复杂。本文基于物理模型试验探讨了天然河流交汇区水位变化特性,分析了不同干支流来水条件下的水位沿程变化、交汇区典型断面水位流量关系、交汇区泥沙起动流速变化等特性。结果表明,交汇区水位变化的强弱与干支流流量等密切相关,交汇区泥沙起动流速随里程变化与单一河道有明显差异。     

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Sediment from Songhua River Basin, Northeast of China

Sixty sediment samples were collected from the main Songhua River in three years. Twelve polybrominated diphenyl ether ( PBDE) congeners ( BDE17, 28, 47, 66, 99, 100, 153, 154, 138, 183, and BDE?209) w...     

三峡库区城镇污染河流沉积物重金属风险评价与来源分析

以三峡库区城镇化发展迅速的典型流域——梁滩河为研究对象,分析了不同河段沉积物重金属含量,用地累积指数Igeo和沉积物污染指数SPI评价了沉积物重金属的累积程度和生态潜在风险,并用主成分分析和相关分析方法探讨了重金属来源.结果表明:梁滩河沉积物As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Hg的质量分数变化范围分别处于(2.31~8.56)×10-6,(0.074~0.574)×10-6,(92.85~336.13)×10-6,(19.22~45.35)×10-6,(13.50~48.37)×10-6,(11.77~52.17)×10-6,(46.91~1035.30)×10-6和(0.012~0.229)×10-6.沉积物重金属生态潜在风险较低(SPI为1.11~6.90),但个别重金属累积污染严重,Cr和Zn累积达到超重污染;Cd、Hg在人口聚集地区达到中度污染.相关分析和主成分分析表明:河流污染治理工程实施后,沉积物重金属主要来自于城镇生活污染.     

黄河小浪底调水调沙试验数学建模简

黄河小浪底调水调沙是治黄管理的重要措施。通过对实测流量和排沙量变化过程的分析,依据插值和拟合数学理论,结合matlab得到排沙量与时间、流量的函数关系式,并进行数值分析验证,对调水调沙试验的效果进行了理论分析。     

海底沉积物取样钻机设计方案的探讨

提出了利用涡轮加压和循环的海底钻进方式设计海底沉积物取样钻机的方案，具有很大的创新性，为海底沉积物取样钻机的设计提供了一种新思路。详述了涡轮加压和循环式海底沉积物取样钻机的总体结构和工作原理，并讨论了该设计方案的可行性。分析结果表明该设计方案的结构简单、新颖，造价便宜，值得研究和开发。     

硫酸盐还原菌对海底土中锌腐蚀的影响

利用微生物分析、交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱等方法，在室内模拟条件下研究了海底土中硫酸盐还原菌对锌腐蚀的影响，以及在以接菌及灭菌的海底土构成的宏电池腐蚀中锌的腐蚀行为。180d的试验结果表明：海底土中硫酸盐还原菌增强锌的腐蚀，锌在接菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点蚀深度均大于在灭菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点饰深度，平均腐蚀速率相差7．0倍，点蚀速率相差15．0倍以上。在接菌和灭菌海底土构成宏电池时，接菌海底土中锌作为阳极，腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所增大，加速率为12．7％，而在灭菌海底土中锌作为阴极，腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所减小。     

Downstream Ecological Impacts of Controlled Sediment Flushing in an Alpine Valley River: A Case Study

Sediment flushing may be effective to tackle the loss of reservoir storage as a result of siltation. When operationally possible, the impact of this practice on the downstream aquatic environment can be mitigated by limiting the sediment concentration of the discharged waters (controlled sediment flushing). However, this topic is poorly documented, and concerns arise when limits are discussed. We present the results of a 3‐year field investigation concerning the controlled sediment flushing of a small reservoir on the Adda River, the main tributary of Lake Como—Italy. Two limits for suspended solid concentration (SSC) were adopted: 1.5 g L^?1, as average value throughout the whole working day, and 3.0 g L^?1, as alert threshold to adjust the ongoing activity. These constraints were essentially fulfilled in the course of the documented operations. The first year sediment flushing was more significant than the following year: 25 000 tons of fines below 2 mm in diameter were flushed in six non‐consecutive days in summer 2010, while, one year earlier, 75 000 tons were flushed in 16 non‐consecutive days. In the third year of investigation (2011), no sediment evacuation took place. The benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities were surveyed a short distance below the reservoir, that is, in the potentially more affected river reach. Clear pieces of evidence of environmental quality degradation were not detected; the adopted strategies can therefore be considered to be appropriate when planning sediment flushing management in comparable contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

木垒河悬移质泥沙特性分析

河流泥沙是反映流域水土流失严重程度和河川径流特性的重要指标,是合理开发利用地表水资源,建设水利设施必须考虑的一个重要指标。河流泥沙不仅关系河流本身的发展演变,也反映了流域环境特性及人类活动的影响。木垒河是一条多沙河流,泥沙问题不太引起关注,研究也相对缺乏。本文就木垒河泥沙资料分析,对木垒河泥沙的主要来源、分部、年内变化等时空演变进行了初步分析,为木垒河流域水资源合理开发提供一定的参考。     

Exploring Particle Density Effects on Partial Mobility of Steelhead Spawning Gravels

Yellowbank Creek is a small stream in coastal central California being assessed for salmonid habitat limiting factors and restoration potential. Yellowbank flows through low‐density marine mudstone bedrock, which is the gravel source for the stream. To assess the potential effects of the low‐density substrate on spawning gravels, a tracer stone study comparing the incipient motion of low‐density mudstone particles and typical density granitic particles was used to populate a logistic regression particle entrainment model. A model comparison approach was used to test the strength of the model. Results demonstrate partial mobility of both mudstone and granitic particles under boundary shear conditions ranging from 6.9 to 42.2 N m^‐2. The modelling results quantify the strong negative correlation between particle entrainment and particle density. Mudstone gravel was three times more likely to be entrained than granitic gravel, within the context of the experimental conditions. The effect of density difference on partial mobility was greater in smaller grain size fractions. This work has implications for salmonid spawning success in atypical geologic settings and may assist in prioritization of restoration efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.