Corrosion Control by water‐soluble extracts from leaves of economic plants

Water extracts from leaves of date palm, phoenix dactylifera, henna, Lawsonia inermis, and corn, Zea mays, were tested as corrosion inhibitors for steel, aluminum, copper and brass in acid chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions using weight loss, solution analysis and potential measurements. The inhibition action was found to critically depend on metal type and solution composition. Only, date palm and henna extracts were found highly effective in reducing corrosion rate of steel in acid chloride solutions and aluminum in sodium hydroxide solutions. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the concentration of the extract. The inhibition was interpreted in terms of chemisorption of some active ingredients in the leaves according to Temkin isotherm.     

液化气铜片腐蚀原因及解决措施

本文就引起液化石油气（LPG）铜片腐蚀不合格的原因进行了分析，对JX－1A精脱硫剂工业应用效果进行了探讨，结果表明JX－1A精脱硫剂在解决了LPG铜片腐蚀不合格方面有很好的效果。     

Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt and Pd catalysts for the abatement of lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles emissions: influence of water and sulphur containing compounds

The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH₄ traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H₂S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H₂S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H₂S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by TPD in O₂/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO₂ and O₂ in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O₂/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested.     

含氮杂环季铵盐缓蚀剂在CO2-3%NaCl溶液体系中的电化学行为

为控制CO2腐蚀，合成了含氮杂环季铵盐缓蚀剂9912-1，通过电化学实验，研究了该缓蚀剂在CO2-3％NaCl-H2O体系中对碳钢于25℃和90℃下的缓蚀行为。实验结果与挂片失重法测试的结果基本一致。低温下缓蚀效果优于高温下的缓蚀效果。而且该缓蚀剂与硫脲有很好的协同效应。Tafel曲线表明，该缓蚀过程是以控制阴极腐蚀为主，并对其缓蚀机理进行了初步探讨。     

焦化加热炉空气预热器腐蚀结垢与预防

空气预热器运行的好坏直接影响到加热炉的热效率 ,文章结合焦化装置加热炉空气预热器的使用、维修、改进等 ,论述了预热器存在的露点腐蚀问题。同时提出从设计、操作、设备等方面采取有效措施 ,保障预热器的长周期高效运行。     

Working Memory Capacity and the Antisaccade Task: Individual Differences in Voluntary Saccade Control.

Performance on antisaccade trials requires the inhibition of a prepotent response (i.e., don't look at the flashing cue) and the generation and execution of a correct saccade in the opposite direction. The authors attempted to further specify the role of working memory (WM) span differences in the antisaccade task. They tested high- and low-span individuals on variants of prosaccade and antisaccade trials in which an eye movement is the sole requirement. In 3 experiments, they demonstrated the importance of WM span differences in both suppression of a reflexive saccade and generation of a volitional eye movement. The results support the contention that individual differences in WM span are not exclusively due to differences in inhibition but also reflect differences in directing the focus of attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

油气田开发中的CO2腐蚀及防护技术

综述了二氧化碳均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀的机理，分析了二氧化碳腐蚀的各种影响因素，并对二氧化碳腐蚀的防护技术进行了概括，着重介绍了缓蚀剂防护技术研究进展，并提出了研究CO2腐蚀及其缓蚀剂应注意的几个问题。     

Copper phthalocyanine as corrosion inhibitor for ASTM A606-4 steel in 16% hydrochloric acid

A study based on the corrosion inhibition properties of copper phthalocyanine is described. Coverage degrees of copper phthalocyanine (Cu-phcy) on ASTM-A606-4 steel, obtained by weight loss measurements, were fitted to Langmuir, Frumkin, Temkin and Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherms. A better fit to the Langmuir isotherm was obtained. The polarization curves showed that polarization of both the anodic and cathodic reactions were verified for concentrations higher than 10^–4 M, indicating a mixed type action. Only the anodic reactions were polarized for lower concentrations. At high frequencies the Nyquist diagrams showed one capacitive loop attributable to double layer charging and a small one at intermediary frequencies attributable to the faradaic process of hydrogen evolution. The formation of an adsorbed film was characterized by increasing charge transfer resistance values in the low frequency range for increasing inhibitor concentrations. According to the techniques used in this study, copper phthalocyanines showed a high corrosion inhibiting efficiency for all concentrations.     

一种新型声波降粘防蜡装置

新型声波降粘防措装置由上、下接头、振动簧片和收缩喷嘴构成。装置安装在抽油泵泵简之下，尾管之上，在压差作用下井下流体以较大速度从装置的喷嘴射出，冲击振动簧片，产生机械振动声波，油水混合液在声波中产生相应的声波力学效应和分散乳化作用等，使混合液在油管内的粘度降低，蜡晶不易聚集长大，从而达到降粘防蜡延长油井热洗周期的目的。室内试验及现场近20口井的应用情况表明，这种装置具有结构简单、成本低廉、应用方便等特点，具有明显的降粘防蜡效果。     

Gildes model studies of aqueous chemistry. III. Initial SO2-induced atmospheric corrosion of copper

The GILDES computer model, incorporating Stumm's concept of proton- and ligand-promoted dissolution, has been used to simulate the exposure of copper at room temperature to 210 ppb sulfur dioxide and 80% relative humidity. The agreement is good between the calculations and laboratory exposures performed under these exposure conditions. Surface reactions are relatively more important at lower relative humidities and the dominant corrosion products formed are solid state Cu₂SO₃, CuSO₃ and Cu₂U. Free-radical redox processes are important participants and control the relative distribution of Cu(I)- and Cu(H)-containing corrosion products.