Ti_3Al金属间化合物的熔盐热腐蚀

采用电化学方法并结合扫描电镜、X 射线衍射、电子探针和能谱等物相分析技术研究了 Ti_3Al 金属间化合物在800℃熔融 NaCl-(Na,K)_2SO_4体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,Ti_3Al 合金耐熔盐腐蚀性能远低于 Ni 基 IN738合金。腐蚀时在合金表面形成外层为 TiO_2;内层为富 Nb 的Nb_2O_5,Al_2O_3,TiO_2的混合层和中间层为富 Al 的 TiO_2,Al_2O_3混合层的多层腐蚀层结构。Ti 快速向外扩散和氧向内扩散使合金表面腐蚀产物层迅速增厚。腐蚀产物内层的富 Nb 氧化物破坏了膜层与合金基体的粘附性。     

铸造高性能合金的显微组织及耐腐蚀行为

对铸造高性能合金Lewmet55进行了化学成分设计，确定了该合金中镍、铬、钼、铜和硅的含量。采用金相显微镜和X射线衍射相结合的方法，分析了该合金的显微组织，并采用多种腐蚀试验方法研究其耐腐蚀行为。着重研究了不同热处理制度对铸造高性能合金的均匀腐蚀、晶问腐蚀、点蚀和电化学腐蚀性能的影响。试验结果表明，Lewment55合金经1250℃×1．5h水冷固溶处理后，在高温浓硫酸介质中具有良好的耐蚀性，以及较好的抗晶间腐蚀、点蚀和电化学腐蚀性能。     

Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the limit state of transit gas pipelines having corrosion defects

The limit carrying capacity of gas pipelines having corrosion defects were evaluated by means of an improved FEM analysis, together with the ANSI/ASME defect judgement and an experimental verification. When compared with our past presentation at the proceedings of the CAPE'93 Colloquium (dealing with reproduced defects), this paper evaluates the remaining lifetime of a pipeline having natural faults. The new improved analysis includes geometrical nonlinearities leading to a modification of limit state parameters and thus matching better with actuality. This presented work was initiated by the firm of Trans-Gas in Prague after having had a pipeline inspected proving some parts of it as being heavily corroded. The task in hand was to determine the remaining pipeline lifetime with the view to at least a two-year period.     

Application of substituted N-arylpyrroles in the corrosion protection of aluminium in hydrochloric acid

The inhibiting action of N-arylpyrroles on aluminium in 0.17 mol dm^–3 hydrochloric acid solution, in the temperature range 20–60 °C, was studied using potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy techniques. The inhibiting efficiency of both investigated compounds 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole (compound A) and 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole-3-carbaldehyde (compound B) slightly increases with increasing temperature of the corrosive solution. Inhibitor adsorption on the elecrode surface decreases the apparent activation energy of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Compound A follows the Temkin adsorption isotherm, while its carbaldehyde derivative follows the Langmuir isotherm. The results of the apparent energy of activation and the standard free energy of adsorption point to stronger chemisorption of the compound A. However, due to additional condensation of molecules with carbaldehyde groups on the electrode surface, the carbaldehyde derivative exhibits even better inhibiting efficiency than compound A. The kinetic corrosion parameters, analysed in terms of the impedance data, show a satisfactory agreement with those obtained by the potentiodynamic method.     

Ethoxylated fatty alcohols as corrosion inhibitors for dissolution of zinc in hydrochloric acid

The effect of some ethoxylated fatty alcohols, with different numbers of ethylene oxide units, on the corrosion of zinc in 0.5 M HCl has been studied using weight loss and polarization measurements. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing concentration, number of ethylene oxide units per molecule and with decreasing the temperature. Inhibition was explained on the basis of adsorption of ethoxylated fatty alcohols molecules on the metal surface through their ethoxy groups. The degree of surface coverage varied linearly with logarithm of inhibitor concentration fitting Temkin isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the tested system from the data obtained at different temperatures.     

液化气球罐焊缝H2S应力腐蚀裂纹的返修补焊

对宁夏炼油厂一台200m3低合金钢球罐H2S应力腐蚀裂纹采用气刨打磨后补焊的返修方法表明，碳弧气刨时的骤热不会使裂纹向纵深扩展，只是必须在补焊前将返修部位焊缝两侧各100mm范围内打磨至完全露出金属光泽，以便彻底消除裂纹源，避免补焊时再产生新的微小裂纹。若返修深度不大于罐壁厚度的二分之一，则不必进行射线探伤检查，只须进行100％的超声波检查，在水压试验前后对返修部位进行100％磁粉探伤则是非常必要的。     

利用控制头酸化测试联作的新方法

采用采油树进行酸化作业，安全可靠，但在原钻机试油过程中，采用采油树酸化作业工作量大而繁重，存在一些不便之处。利用控制头替代采油树酸化作业，可以解决困扰酸化施工时来回倒换井口的难题，并且可以缩短试油周期，减少管柱起下钻次数，为含硫化氢油气井的施工提供了安全保障。1997年以来，在塔中26井、塔中126井利用控制头实施酸化作业并获得成功，为酸化测试联作及超深高含硫井的施工积累了实际经验。     

Role of Pits in Corrosion Fatigue of Offshore Structural Steel

From the corrosion fatigue test under intermit-tent wetting condition for offshore structural steelof A537 cl.l and data analysis,some results associ-ated with the role of pits in fatigue process havebeen discussed.     

Potential control under thin aqueous layers using a Kelvin Probe

Kelvin Probes can be modified to control as well as monitor potential. The design and operation of two different Kelvin Probe Potentiostats (KPPs) are described in this paper. One approach uses a permanent magnet and double coil to oscillate the needle at a fixed frequency, an AC backing potential, and software analysis and control schemes. This technique can also control the distance between the tip and sample, thereby tracking the topography of the sample. Both KPPs were used to make measurements on Type 304L stainless steel under thin layers of electrolyte. Cathodic polarization curves exhibited a limiting current density associated with oxygen reduction. The limiting current density varied with solution layer thickness over a finite range of thickness. Anodic polarization curves on 304L in a thin layer of chloride solution resulted in pitting corrosion. The breakdown potential did not vary with solution layer thickness. However, the thin layer was observed to increase in volume remarkably during pit growth owing to the absorption of water from the high humidity environment into the layer with ionic strength increased by the pit dissolution. The open circuit potential (OCP) and solution layer thickness were monitored during drying out of a thin electrolyte layer. Pitting corrosion initiated, as indicated by a sharp drop in the OCP, as the solution thinned and increased in concentration.