Ti40阻燃钛合金的高温蠕变行为

计算了Ti40合金在不同应力、不同温度下的稳态蠕变速率、应力指数及在460℃－540℃范围内蠕变激活能Q＝94.0kJ/mol，并以此基础上研究了其蠕变强化机制。实验结果表明：该合金在此温度范围内的蠕变受位错和扩散双重机制控制，晶界移动对蠕变也有一定的贡献。在目前实验条件下，Ti40合金在620℃蠕变性能较差。     

High-temperature corrosion and creep of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys in carburizing and oxidizing environments

The carburization of NiCr 32 20 and NiCrSi 60 16 has been studied in CH₄-H₂ mixtures in the temperature range 900–1100°C. The methods included thermogravimetric measurements and studies on reacted specimens by X-ray diffraction, metallographic, and chemical analysis. Upon carburization internal carbides M₇C₃ and M₂₃C₆ are formed (M=mainly Cr); the rate of carburization is determined by carbon diffusion in the Fe-Ni matrix with carbide precipitations. The effect of the alloying elements Ni and Si on the carburization resistance of austenitic alloys is explained. By the same methods the oxidation and carburization in CO-H₂O-H₂ mixtures have been studied. The important role of a stable chromium oxide layer for the carburization resistance was confirmed. Creep tests at 1000°C in a CO-H₂O-H₂ atmosphere where Cr₂O₃ is stable showed carburization occurring through cracks in the oxide layer. At high strain rates premature failure occurs by carburization, which is followed by internal oxidation and formation of cracks, voids, and holes.     

Creep-induced local lattice parameter changes in a monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy

The γ-γ lattice mismatch of specimens of the monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy SRR 99 has been measured by a high-resolution X-ray diffraction technique for the undeformed state and after high-tem-perature creep deformation. During creep deformation beyond the minimum creep rate (total strain =0.5%), the lattice mismatches, measured in and perpendicular to the [001] stress axis, respectively, un-dergo changes in opposite directions. This reflects the buildup of a complex deformation-induced triaxial state of internal stress in the phases y and γ. The overall resolved shear stresses that act in γ and y due to the combined action of the external and internal stresses are estimated, and the conditions under which cutting of the γ phase by dislocations should occur are discussed.     

二元稀土镁合金Mg-La和Mg-Nd的组织和性能

系统研究了二元稀土镁合金Mg-2%La(L2)和Mg-2%Nd(N2)的铸态显微组织、拉伸性能和抗蠕变性能.通过研究发现,L2铸态组织中有大量网状的Mg-Mg17La2的共晶相析出;而N2则以Mg12Nd离异共晶析出,析出物的数量少得多.N2合金在室温或者175℃条件下,强度和塑性都优于L2合金.N2合金的抗蠕变性能在175℃、70 MPa条件下比L2低近3个数量级.通过计算两种合金的应力指数和蠕变激活能,L2合金的蠕变机制是受晶界滑动控制的,而N2合金为位错攀移机制控制.     

金属间化合物TiAl(W,Si,B)合金的组织稳定性及其蠕变性能

Ti-45Al-2W-0.5Si-0.5B(ABB-23)铸造合金在800和900℃长期时效过程中发生组织失稳，包括α2板条断裂和合并，α2相转变为B2相，针状B2相球化和长大，γ等轴晶的生成以及片层间距的增加。ABB－23合金的热稳定性优于无B的ABB－2合金，表明添加B有利于提高合金的热稳定性。ABB－23合金在700－800℃范围内的抗蠕变能力超过同比密度的抗热腐蚀高温合金IN738LC，具有优异的高温蠕变性能。此外，还对比了ABB－23合金与其他几种TiAl基合金的高温蠕变性能。     

改善操作延长转化炉炉管寿命

分析转化炉炉管不正常原因及对炉管造成的危害，确定通过改善工艺操作来延长转化炉炉管寿命，实践证明效果明显。     

Evaluation of the characteristics of a viscoelastic material from creep analysis using the universal viscoelastic model. I. Isolation of the elastic component designated as the “Projected Elastic Limit”

In a preceding publication this author introduced a new universal viscoelastic model to describe a definitive relationship between constant strain rate, creep, and stress relaxation analysis for viscoelastic polymeric compounds. One extremely important characteristic of this new model is that it also characterizes secondary creep very well. Because secondary creep is the linear portion of creep after the completion of primary creep, then a straight line with a slope and an intercept can describe secondary creep. To effectively define a straight line in the secondary creep region it was found necessary to obtain averages of the instantaneous slope and the instantaneous intercept strain by averaging over a series of equally spaced data points in the secondary slope region. Most importantly, this average intercept strain was found to be independent of creep stress and creep time. This means that all the secondary creep straight lines must pass through the same intercept creep strain for all creep stresses. The results presented in this study strongly indicate that this secondary creep intercept strain is independent of creep stress and creep time, and appears to increase as the value of the efficiency of yield energy dissipation decreases. Because a decrease in the efficiency of yield energy dissipation, n, appears to correlate with an increase in the elastic solid like character of a material, then it appears that this secondary creep intercept strain should be a direct measure of the strain that the material can survive to retain its full elastic character. Therefore, this secondary creep intercept strain has been designated as the “Projected Elastic Limit” of a given viscoelastic material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2923–2936, 2003     

聚乙烯管道系统的连接技术问题(2)

介绍了各种聚乙烯管道系统的连接技术。连接常是管道系统成败的关键,各种连接技术都有其适用的范围。聚乙烯压力管道的连接以熔接为主,但有些场合需要机械密封连接。在聚乙烯的机械密封连接中特别要注意聚乙烯容易蠕变的特性。有些适用于聚氯乙烯管道的连接方法和设计不适用于聚乙烯管道。聚乙烯无压力管道的连接也有多种方法,要根据对于密封的要求选择。介绍了国内外为解决聚乙烯双壁波纹管承口刚度问题采用的种种做法。简介了交联聚乙烯管道和增强聚乙烯管道的特殊连接技术。提出在聚乙烯管道系统的连接方面希望国内外科技界关注的几个重要研究课题。     

Shear creep resistance of styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS)‐based hot‐melt pressure‐sensitive adhesives

The effects of the properties of substrates and tackifier on the shear creep of SIS‐based HMPSAs were investigated. The holding power (t_b) and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) were measured. The relationship between the complex viscosity and the holding power was examined. The holding power and SAFT values of the triblock SIS blends were higher than those of the diblock‐containing SIS blends, perhaps because blends using triblock SIS have higher crossover temperature and complex viscosity than those using diblock‐containing SIS. Higher levels of aromatic resin‐modified aliphatic tackifier and rosin ester were found to decrease the holding power of the HMPSAs. This maybe due to the fact that rosin ester and aromatic‐modified aliphatic resin are compatible with both the ends and midblocks of SIS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 825–831, 2006     

Tensile Stress Relaxation of Alumina at High Temperature

The development of a tensile testing methodology for ceramics which enables a stress vs strain-rate response to be measured at high temperature is described. The test involves a carefully controled stress relaxation test at constant total strain using an experimental procedure and phenomenological analysis previously developed for metallic materials. It is demonstrated here with preliminary tests on alumina at 1050° and 1150°C. This offers, with further development, the possibility of establishing design stresses associated with low strain-rate behavior for structural applications. The results demonstrate that data covering four decades of strain rate may be generated in tests lasting a few hours. The inelastic strain consists of substantial anelastic recoverable strain in addition to a permanent creep strain.