高速铁路无碴轨道预应力连续梁徐变影响分析

随着我国高速铁路事业的发展,越来越多的大跨连续梁桥得到应用.但是过去建设的大跨连续梁已有不少出现了挠度增大及表面开裂等现象,引起这些现象最重要的原因是混凝土的收缩徐变效应.本文选取合理的徐变系数后,从相对湿度、加载张拉龄期、二期恒载上桥时间三个因素对徐变影响进行研究,提出控制后期挠度变形的建议.     

A Thermo-Mechanical Study of Some Epoxy Adhesives Subjected to Combined Dynamic and Static Stresses

The object of the present study was to investigate the effect of superimposed dynamic and static stresses on mechanical and thermal properties of some epoxy adhesives. It was found that combinations of shear creep and torsional oscillations, applied simultaneously to adhesive joints at temperatures within the glassy range of the adhesive, led to strengthening of the joints in shear and to an increase in the glass transition temperature of the adhesive. Similar loading stresses applied at temperatures close to the T_g of the adhesive, led to opposite effects on the above mentioned properties of the joints. The width of the glassy-rubbery transition of the adhesives increased, in the whole range of temperatures used in this study and for all epoxy compositions, as a result of subjecting the joints to superimposed dynamic and static stresses. The broadening of the glass transition was interpreted as a result of the stiffening of polymer network during the combined stressing experiments. A linear relationship was found between the area of endothermal peaks in the first DSC scan of specimens subjected prior to test to superimposed dynamic and static stresses at temperatures below T_g, and the shear strength of the joints. In agreement with this observation and with literature data, a linear relationship was revealed also between the glass transition temperature of the resins (measured in the first DSC scan) and the shear strength of the joints. Based on experimental observations and on some literature information, it was suggested that the strengthening of the joint, as well as the changes in thermal properties of the adhesives, are mainly due to physical processes, such as short-range orientation of network chains and an increase in intermolecular interaction between highly polar sites of the network. The possibility that superimposed stressing led to changes in chemical crosslinking was discussed but it seems that no such reactions occurred.     

基因表达式编程及其在混凝土徐变分析中应用

混凝土徐变分析在混凝土结构应力计算和变形分析中有着重要意义。由于影响混凝土徐变的因素较多,徐变函数呈现高度非线性,传统回归方法难以取得令人满意结果。基因表达式程序设计方法,吸取了遗传算法和基因编程两者的优点,在解决非线性拟合问题方面表现出非凡的数据挖掘能力与优势。在基因表达式编程理论分析基础上,利用该方法建立了混凝土徐变函数知识挖掘模型。实例表明,该模型比常规方法得到的函数有更高的精度。     

砼长期荷载下徐变预测的新方法——灰色预测

本文首次提出灰色系统理论对长期荷载下砼徐变进行预测的新方法。通过实例验证表明:灰色预测方法其精度是十分令人满意的。     

非饱和滑带土非线性Burgers蠕变模型

基于非线性流变力学理论,建立了非饱和滑带土非线性Burgers蠕变模型。模型中不仅考虑滑带土非饱和特性-基质吸力对土蠕变特性的影响,同时考虑了与时间、应力状态有关的非线性黏滞体的流变特性,由非线性黏滞体替换Burgers模型中的线性黏滞体。对非饱和滑带土开展三轴蠕变试验,并对试验结果采用最小二乘法曲线拟合,获得了不同基质吸力下的蠕变参数,并将试验结果与Burgers模型拟合曲线以及提出的非线性Burgers模型拟合曲线进行对比。结果表明,采用非线性Burgers模型能很好地拟合试验结果,且与试验曲线的吻合程度、相关系数明显高于线性Burgers模型。     

预应力连续箱梁桥混凝土收缩徐变效应

混凝土收缩徐变效应对桥梁结构内力以及线形产生不可忽视的影响。混凝土收缩徐变机理复杂,影响因素多,随机变化量大,它对结构性能的影响至今难以得到精确的解答。文章以某改建连续箱梁桥为工程背景,通过建立有限元模型,模拟分析了预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥在成桥阶段和若干年后的收缩徐变效应,经过理论计算,得出混凝土收缩徐变对结构内力、线形的影响规律,期望能为同类桥梁的设计和施工提供参考。     

利用改进开窗转换法确定沥青离散松弛时间谱

为了精确地获得沥青胶结料的离散松弛时间谱,提出了一种改进开窗转换法的线性黏弹性材料函数转换算法．此方法可以用于离散延迟时间谱和离散松弛时间谱的相互转换．与开窗转换法相比,改进开窗转换法对于时间常数的设置更加精确,并且不会产生负数谱线．将改进开窗转换法用于一种传统非改性沥青的弯曲梁流变仪试验数据的离散延迟时间谱的转换,成功地确定了相应的离散松弛时间谱．经有限元模型验证表明,此离散松弛时间谱能很好地还原该沥青结合料的应力松弛特性．     

FEM analysis of vacuum hot bulge forming of Hastelloy C-276 thin-walled cylindrical workpiece

A stress relaxation test has been carried out for Hastelloy C-276 at temperature of 800 ~C and initial stress level of 250 MPa. Based on the experimental stress relaxation curve, the relationship between creep strain rate and stress has been derived. Then, a set of creep constitutive equations has been built and the values of constants arising in the constitutive equations have been determined by fitting the creep strain rate-stress curve. Close agreement between computed results and experimental ones is obtained for stress relaxation data. The creep constitutive equation set has been integrated with the commercial FE （finite element） solver MSC.Marc via the user defined subroutine, CRPLAW, for the vacuum hot bulge forming process modelling of Hastelloy C-276 thin-walled cylindrical workpiece. The temperature field, the radius-direction displacement field and the stress-strain field are calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the bulging dimension and the final internal diameter of workpiece are predicted and the test results verify the reliability of the finite element method.     

混凝土圆柱体早期收缩徐变性能试验研究

通过恒温恒湿条件下对素混凝土徐变柱在不同加载龄期下进行短期持荷试验,得到了混凝土圆柱体早期收缩徐变规律,对比了不同加载龄期下混凝土圆柱体早期徐变性能差异性.试验表明：混凝土早期收缩应变随时间逐步增大,收缩应变率变化较小,早期体外收缩应变较体内收缩应变要大,体内外收缩应变差值随着时间有增大趋势;混凝土早期徐变系数随持荷时间而增大,徐变增长速率逐步减小,混凝土圆柱体体内实测徐变系数较体外实测徐变系数偏小;在持荷初期阶段,加载龄期越大,徐变系数越小,徐变系数增长速率越快.     

客运专线预应力混凝土桥梁徐变变形控制方法研究

为了研究混凝土收缩徐变对客运专线预应力混凝土连续梁桥后期变形的影响,选取合理的徐变系数,通过大型有限元软件Midas建立实桥模型,模拟施工全过程,对郑徐客运专线上的一座预应力混凝土连续梁桥的收缩徐变进行分析,得出了一些改善连续梁桥后期徐变变形的结论.结果表明:在不影响施工工期的情况下,延迟合拢时间有利于控制桥梁后期徐变变形;铺设二期恒载时,从边跨往中跨铺设或从中跨往边跨铺设都能减小由徐变引起的上拱;增加顶板束或减小底板束都将改善桥梁的上拱.