某航空发动机第三级涡轮叶片失效分析

本文对某型号航空发动机GH4033第三级涡轮叶片榫头裂纹及断裂失效进行了分析,确定了失效模式为两类,第一类为蠕变疲劳裂纹,第二类为起始应力较大的高低周复合疲劳断裂.研究发现GH4033合金屈服强度偏低、晶界强化能力不足是叶片发生蠕变疲劳开裂的主要原因.而叶片的高低周复合疲劳断裂则主要与个别相邻叶片的叶冠间隙偏大引发的高振动弯曲应力及R处加工刀痕引发的应力集中有关.最后提出了预防叶片发生该类失效的措施.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF Nb-(10,15)Al-20V ALLOYS

Compression tests at room and high temperature and creep tests at high temperature have been performed on B2 Nb15Al20V and Nb10Al20V alloys. At room temperature,in the as-cast state, both alloys exhibited significant ductility in compression. The dislocations showed good mobility. Dislocation clusters also triggered the formation of pseudotwins, which resulted in serrated yielding. In steady state creep, deformation occurred by a combination of dislocation glide and climb, giving a homogeneous miphase structure with a few dislocations in the A15 phase but no dislocations in the A2 phase.     

Evaluation of high- temperature behavior of CMSX4 + yttrium single- crystal nickel- base superalloy

CMSX4 + Y, a highly strengthened rhenium-containing second-generation single-crystal nickel-base su-peralloy, has been studied by creep, low-cycle, and thermomechanical fatigue in the temperature range 500 to 1100 °C. The alloy exhibits good high-temperature mechanical properties that are superior or com-parable to other single-crystal superalloys. Thermomechanical fatigue resistance is equivalent to low-cy-cle fatigue and is cycle-shape dependent. High-temperature mechanical properties have been studied using life prediction relationships that are frequently used for creep and low-cycle fatigue data evalu-ation. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed that fracture induced by creep damage is internal and starts from pore-initiated cracks; however, fatigue damage starts on the external surface and propagates inward in stage II mode.     

铁素体-奥氏体异种钢接头的界面组织及力学性能

为提高电站锅炉过热器铁素体－奥氏体异种钢焊接接头的高温蠕变断裂强度和服役寿命，设计了专用的镍基填充材料及组合焊接接头。通过对不同焊缝接头的高温蠕变力不试验，焊缝界面组织变化分析，碳扩散和热应力的测试分析，认为在高温低力的条件下，接头焊缝界面及热影响区碳元素扩散迁移和碳化物聚集是影响接头蠕变断裂强度的重要原因。     

晶粒尺寸与保载载荷对Cu膜纳米压入蠕变性能的影响

利用纳米压入仪对Si片上的多晶Cu膜进行压入蠕变研究．实验结果显示晶粒尺寸大于200nm时，应力指数对晶粒尺寸不敏感．当晶粒尺寸小于200nm时，因压头底部更多的晶粒参与变形，应力指数随晶粒尺寸的降低而增大．认为薄膜材料存在一个对应力指数不敏感的最小If缶界晶粒尺寸ιc，Cu膜的应力指数随保载载荷增大而增大，其主要原因在于高载荷下位错强化机制使蠕变率降低。     

Research on the creep damage and interfacial failure of dissimilarmetal welded joint between 10Cr9Mo1 VNbN and 12Cr1MoV steel

0　IntroductionAnewmodified 9Cr Mosteel (SA2 13T91orT91)pos sessesimprovedhightemperaturestrength ,excellentductili ty ,weldability ,heatfatigueproperties .Therefore ,T91hasbeenwidelyusedinelectricpower,petrochemicalplant,nu clearpowerstation ,andsoon[1～3] .Itisappliedtothefinalstagesofsuperheatersandreheatersinfossil firedpowerplants .However,lowalloypearlitesteel(12Cr1MoV)isstillusedintheearlierstages .Thus,therearealotofdissimilarmetalweldedjoints (DMWJs)betweenSA2 13T91and12Cr1Mo…     

试谈覆盖层上水工建筑物的安全评价

根据覆盖层上水工建筑物实际运行状况及近年覆盖层上水工建筑物安全评价的实践,总结深覆盖层上水工建筑物坝址选择、坝轴线选择、枢纽布置、覆盖层复合地基的承载能力、各种型式防渗措施的防渗效果、防冲蚀、防地震液化处理措施及覆盖层应力、变形、渗流等特点。探讨覆盖层上水工建筑物的特点及存在的风险,并针对这些风险提出覆盖层上水工建筑物安全评价的关注点,以期在现有已取得巨大成就的基础上,进一步提高覆盖层上水工建筑物的设计、建设与安全评价水平。     

Experimental investigation of creep behavior of clastic rock in Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project

There are many fracture zones crossing the dam foundation of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project in southwestern China. Clastic rock is the main media of the fracture zone and has poor physical and mechanical properties. In order to investigate the creep behavior of clastic rock,triaxial creep tests were conducted using a rock servo-controlling rheological testing machine. The results show that the creep behavior of clastic rock is significant at a high level of deviatoric stress, and less time-dependent deformation occurs at high confining pressure. Based on the creep test results, the relationship between axial strain and time under different confining pressures was investigated, and the relationship between axial strain rate and deviatoric stress was also discussed. The strain rate increases rapidly, and the rock sample fails eventually under high deviatoric stress. Moreover, the creep failure mechanism under different confining pressures was analyzed. The main failure mechanism of clastic rock is plastic shear, accompanied by a significant compression and ductile dilatancy. On the other hand, with the determined parameters, the Burgers creep model was used to fit the creep curves. The results indicate that the Burgers model can exactly describe the creep behavior of clastic rock in the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project.     

不同围压和层理下板岩三轴蠕变试验及损伤模型研究

为了研究围压和层理对板岩三轴蠕变特性的影响,制备了最大主应力方向与层理夹角为 0°和 90°的 2 组岩样( 0°为平行组; 90°为垂直组) ,分别进行 5 MPa、10 MPa、15 MPa 围压下的三轴蠕变试验。结果显示: 板岩在三轴应力条件下的蠕变具有瞬时弹性阶段、稳定蠕变阶段、加速蠕变阶段这三个阶段特征; 在同一围压下,垂直组试样加载级数大于平行组岩样加载级数; 垂直组试样的瞬时弹性应变高于平行组试样; 垂直组试样的累计蠕变应变均低于平行组试样。计算长期强度与峰值强度的比值得到垂直组试样的强度损伤低于平行组试样; 围压越高,试样蠕变变形越小,峰值强度和长期强度越高。基于 Kachanov 蠕变损伤理论,考虑层理角度的损伤,引进一个弹塑性损伤元件,建立了描述不同层理角度板岩蠕变过程的改进西原模型,用该模型对试验数据进行拟合,结果表明: 模型能够较好地反映蠕变三阶段; 垂直组试样的弹性模量、黏滞系数比平行组试样相对较大,蠕变参数基本随着围压的增大而增大,体现了围压效应,这与试验结果相吻合。