设计降雨特征对城市内涝模拟结果的影响分析

降雨是城市内涝的主要诱因之一,不同降雨特征对于城市内涝风险的影响也有所区别。为了进一步挖掘降雨特征对城市内涝风险的影响,采用综合流域排水模型（InfoWorks ICM）构建了我国南方某城市的内涝模型,系统分析了设计降雨的雨型和历时特征对城市内涝模拟结果的影响。在4个重现期的3种降雨雨型和3个降雨历时条件下,共计36个不同降雨情景对研究区的内涝情况进行模拟。通过对比不同模拟情景下的积水深度、积水面积以及积水量等结果发现：在相同降雨雨型和重现期条件下,降雨历时对积水深度的影响有一定的差别;在不同降雨雨型和降雨历时模拟情景中,积水点的位置基本保持一致,而积水面积受降雨雨型和降雨历时的双重影响;峰值积水量受降雨雨型影响较大,受降雨历时影响较小,而积水总量受降雨历时影响较大,受降雨雨型影响较小。研究中量化分析了不同设计降雨特征对城市内涝模拟结果的影响,旨在为合理地开展城市内涝预警以及应急管理等工作提供依据。     

阳离子型双子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

合成了一种季铵盐型双子表面活性剂Gem in i 12-3-12,采用红外光谱、元素分析和两相滴定法对其结构和纯度进行了分析,测定了不同浓度表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力,并得到临界胶束浓度(CMC)、饱和吸附量(Γm ax)、单分子饱和吸附面积(Am in)。结果表明,Gem in i 12-3-12的收率为77.2%,纯度为98.4%,它与相应的单尾基十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)的表面活性相当,但CMC比DTAB低14倍左右。     

Molar volume and ultrasonic studies of europium soaps in mixed organic solvents

The ultrasonic velocity and density measurements of europium soaps in a mixture of benzene and methanol (3:2, vol/vol) were used to evaluate various acoustic parameters and molar volume and to determine the critical micelle concentration. The results showed that the ultrasonic velocity, specific acoustic impedance, molar sound velocity, and molar compressibility increase, and intermolecular free length, adiabatic Compressibility, and relative association decrease with increasing concentration and chainlength of the soap. The results were interpreted in terms of soap-solvent interaction.     

降雨量空间分布对山洪临界雨量的影响

山洪临界雨量是山洪灾害预报预警的重要基础,受降雨、土壤含水量以及下垫面的影响,其中降雨量空间分布是重要的影响因素之一。以湖北省崇阳县高堤河流域为例,采用HEC-HMS分布式水文模型计算设计洪水,试算法计算临界雨量,提出了降雨量空间分布系数,分析了降雨量空间分布系数与临界雨量的关系,探讨了降雨空间分布对临界雨量的影响。结果表明:当降雨从上游到下游逐渐减少时,达到相同成灾流量对应的临界雨量最大,暴雨中心在下游时临界雨量最小,说明降雨量空间分布对临界雨量影响显著。由分析可知,在山洪灾害预警实践中应根据实际的降雨空间分布对预警指标适当修正,对山洪进行动态雨量预警。     

乐果合成釜故障分析及处理

通过增加底轴承来改变搅拌轴的临界转速,解决了乐果合成釜试车过程中震动较大的问题,达到了生产和工艺要求。     

北京市雨水收集利用蓄水池容积计算与分析

基于北京市1984—2013年的日降雨资料,以北京林业大学林业楼及其周边绿地为研究区,设置3种用水情景(冲厕、绿地灌溉及冲厕+绿地灌溉),采用连续模拟法,分别绘制3种用水情景下雨水收集利用工程的雨水截留率、自来水替代率、供水保证率以及效益费用比变化曲线,并通过综合分析这些曲线的变化特征确定雨水蓄水池最佳设计容积(60~82 m3)。同时采用设计暴雨法计算1~5年不同重现期的蓄水池设计容积(77~248 m3)。结果表明,连续模拟法计算过程相对复杂,但可用于综合衡量雨水收集利用工程的雨洪管理效益,以及缓解水资源短缺效益、供水可靠性及经济可行性分析。     

Preparation of dibasic acid-containing soy phospholipids by chemical and enzyme-catalyzed transesterification and evaluation of their surface-active properties

The preparation of dibasic acid-containing soy phospholipid was made by transesterification reaction with alkyl ester of diabasic acid with both lipase and alkoxide as a catalyst. The extent of incorporation of a dibasic acid varied with the molecular size of the dibasic acid. The extent of incorporation in soy phospholipids was 4–13% in the case of adipic acid and 9–20% in the case of sebacic acid. The surface-active properties of these modified soy phospholipids were examined and were found to be different from those of the original (unmodified) soy phospholipid. The interfacial properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), γ_CMC, surface excess concentration Γ_max, and minimum area per molecule (Å), and thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy of micellization, were found to depend on the hydrophobic part of the dibasic acids.     

无患子表面活性物及其复配体系的性质研究

对天然植物原料无患子提取物中的表面活性物的性质（临界胶束浓度、表面张力和起泡性能）及其影响因素（温度、pH、水硬度和盐度等）进行了系统的研究，结果表明无患子表面活性物具有很低的cmc和γcmc，且在一定范围内受一些因素的影响也不大，是一种理想的香波原料；同时也研究了无患子活性物与其他温和型的阴离子表面活性剂的复配体系，表明具有明显的协同增效效果。     

Temperature-dependent transparency of poly(HPMA-co-DMA) hydrogels: effect of synthesis parameters

The acrylic comonomers hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA) have been used in several earlier studies to produce pH-responsive hydrogels. However, these same monomers can also be used to prepare hydrogels that are highly responsive to temperature. One manifestation of this temperature sensitivity is a sharp decrease in hydrogel optical transparency that occurs when the temperature exceeds a critical transition value. For example, a hydrogel that exhibits a swelling transition at the physiological pH value of 7.4 has a transition temperature of about 45 °C when the environmental salt concentration is 0.15 M. The value of the transparency transition temperature is shown to depend on hydrogel synthesis parameters such as comonomer mole ratio, crosslinker mole ratio, and even initiator concentration. By reducing the mole ratio of the crosslinker tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), the transition temperature can be lowered by as much as 15 °C. Environmental salt concentration and solvent polarity are also shown to influence the transition temperature.     

Corrosion inhibition of triethanolammonium bromide mono- and dibenzoate as cationic inhibitors in an acidic medium

A weight loss technique was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of synthesized alkyl mono-and dibenzoate triethanolammonium bromide derivatives (TEAMB, TEADB) in an acidic medium (2 N HCl) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that monoderivatives had a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than diderivatives. The results were correlated with several factors, including the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic chains, interfacial tension (IT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. Increasing the geometric length of the alkyl chains in the synthesized inhibitors had an increasing effect on their corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas decreasing the CMC and IT had an increasing effect on their tendency toward corrosion inhibition. The number of hydrophobic chains attached to the inhibitor molecules had a vital influence on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors.