咸水灌溉研究进展

对目前国内外咸水灌溉的研究与利用状况进行了概述,阐明了利用咸水灌溉的重要意义,以土壤和作物为研究对象,详细论述了目前咸水灌溉研究的成果,咸水灌溉中小定额,小流量易于积盐;大定额,高频率灌水易于洗盐;各种植物及植物的各组织对于盐分的适应能力不同,咸水灌溉要综合考虑.许多咸水灌溉研究成果对于实际的生产有很重要的指导意义,但是目前的研究还有很多需要完善的地方.     

基于RAGA的水稻敏感指数累积函数研究

水稻敏感指数累积函数的提出,解决了水分敏感指数研究过程中理论研究与实际应用相矛盾的问题,使水分生产函数的应用更为方便。但敏感指数累积函数的拟合过程十分繁琐,应用存在一定难度。针对上述问题,利用实码加速遗传算法直接拟合敏感指数累积函数,研究结果表明,该方法思路清晰,不需要任何公式转化,计算简便,精度比传统方法高,为敏感指数累积函数的应用提供了有效的方法。     

世界耐除草剂转基因作物的发展及问题

介绍了耐除草剂转基因作物的发展概况及存在问题，以及它们的解决措施。     

西北干旱缺水区大田作物滴灌灌溉制度试验

通过试验及分析建立了春小麦滴灌次数、滴灌定额与作物产量及灌溉水分生产率的函数关系.在春小麦—玉米间作的模式下,设计了11个处理,3次重复,共计33个小区.通过试验及分析,建立了春小麦—玉米间作滴灌次数与玉米产量的函数关系.运用回归分析得到了间作玉米组分的滴灌条件下产量与全生育期灌溉定额的函数关系.根据试验结果,并得出了两种种植模式下的滴灌的优化灌溉制度,为大面积推广大田滴灌提供可靠的科学依据.     

高光谱技术提取不同作物叶片类胡萝卜素信息

以棉花、玉米、大豆、甘薯四种作物为材料，各采集叶片30张(处于不同部位、不同功能期)，分别测定其反射光谱和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量。目的在于探讨利用高光谱技术提取类胡萝卜素信息的可行性方法。结果表明，由于叶绿素与类胡萝卜素间存在显的相关性，在叶片水平，利用高光谱反射率估测叶片类胡萝卜素绝对量是可行的。与类胡萝卜素／叶绿素比值或类胡萝卜素含量相比，类胡萝卜素密度(单位叶片面积类胡萝卜素总量，Cardens)与光谱反射率间的相关性更为稳定。类胡萝卜素光谱吸收峰(470nm)附近的反射光谱与Cardens间的相关性较差，基于类胡萝卜素吸收峰附近反射光谱的光谱指数(如PSSRc、PSNDc)与Cardens间也表现出较弱的相关性。叶绿素光谱指数(如SR705、ND705)与Cardens间存在良好的相关性，红边光谱区的微分光谱、包络线归一化吸收深度等高光谱指数与Cardens间也表现出了良好的相关性。     

A rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of the modified GM cry1A gene in transgenic insect-resistant cotton and rice

Among the commercial genetically modified (GM) crops, the insect-resistant GM crops are the major cultivars that cry gene is introduced into. A cry1Ab/1Ac GM fusion gene (GFM cry1A) and a GM truncated cry1Ac gene (cry1Ac-Mon) is the key foreign gene employed for construction of GM crops by China researchers and Monsanto Technology LLC respectively. Here these two genes are entitled “GM cry1A” gene and a rapid visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay method for detection of GM cry1A in transgenic insect-resistant crops was established. The LAMP assay was performed at an optimal temperature of 65 °C for 60 min in the presence of a set of four specific primers recognized six distinct sequences of the GM cry1A gene. The rough detection limit to the GM cry1A in samples is as low as 0.01% (a weight ratio of transgenic insect-resistant rice/cotton to non-transgenic rice/cotton). Comparatively, the sensitivity of this LAMP method is 10 times over that of the conventional PCR method. Fifteen cultivars/events and five Bt strains with or without cry1A gene were analyzed using the LAMP method as well as PCR method. The results demonstrate that this LAMP method shows a distinct specificity to the GM cry1A gene comparing with PCR analysis. Therefore, this LAMP method will be a potential effective tool for screening the GM cry1A gene in GM crops which are widely plant in China and other developing countries.     

脱硫石膏-秸秆新型复合墙体材料性能的研究

介绍了一种新开发的轻质墙体材料.这种墙体材料由脱硫石膏和秸秆按一定比例组合并掺入适量外加剂加水拌合而成.其质量轻(干密度仅为720 kg/m3),有足够的强度(1～3 d强度大于10 MPa,14 d强度大于20 MPa),耐久性好.脱硫石膏-秸秆复合料处于碱性环境下(浆液pH值=11),秸秆不易腐蚀,潮湿环境下也有较好的耐久性.由于脱硫石膏是电厂烟气脱硫的副产品,秸秆是收获果实后的废弃物,因此,新开发墙体材料的推广应用极有助于减轻或避免烟气中SO2和秸秆燃烧烟尘对大气的污染,以及对其它方面造成的损害.     

Compendium on Food Crop Plants as a Platform for Pharmaceutical Protein Production

Tremendous advances in crop biotechnology related to the availability of molecular tools and methods developed for transformation and regeneration of specific plant species have been observed. As a consequence, the interest in plant molecular farming aimed at producing the desired therapeutic proteins has significantly increased. Since the middle of the 1980s, recombinant pharmaceuticals have transformed the treatment of many serious diseases and nowadays are used in all branches of medicine. The available systems of the synthesis include wild-type or modified mammalian cells, plants or plant cell cultures, insects, yeast, fungi, or bacteria. Undeniable benefits such as well-characterised breeding conditions, safety, and relatively low costs of production make plants an attractive yet competitive platform for biopharmaceutical production. Some of the vegetable plants that have edible tubers, fruits, leaves, or seeds may be desirable as inexpensive bioreactors because these organs can provide edible vaccines and thus omit the purification step of the final product. Some crucial facts in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals are presented here in brief. Although crop systems do not require more strictly dedicated optimization of methodologies at any stages of the of biopharmaceutical production process, here we recall the complete framework of such a project, along with theoretical background. Thus, a brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the principles for the selection of cis elements for the expression cassettes, and available methods of plant transformation, through to the protein recovery and purification stage, are all presented here. We also outline the achievements in the production of biopharmaceuticals in economically important crop plants and provide examples of their clinical trials and commercialization.     

Kinome-Wide Profiling Identifies Human WNK3 as a Target of Cajanin Stilbene Acid from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a common food crop used in many parts of the world for nutritional purposes. One of its chemical constituents is cajanin stilbene acid (CSA), which exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to identify molecular targets of CSA, we performed a kinome-wide approach based on the measurement of the enzymatic activities of 252 human kinases. The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (also known as protein kinase lysine-deficient 3) was identified as the most promising target of CSA with the strongest enzymatic activity inhibition in vitro and the highest binding affinity in molecular docking in silico. The lowest binding affinity and the predicted binding constant pKi of CSA (−9.65 kcal/mol and 0.084 µM) were comparable or even better than those of the known WNK3 inhibitor PP-121 (−9.42 kcal/mol and 0.123 µM). The statistically significant association between WNK3 mRNA expression and cellular responsiveness to several clinically established anticancer drugs in a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and the prognostic value of WNK3 mRNA expression in sarcoma biopsies for the survival time of 230 patients can be taken as clues that CSA-based inhibition of WNK3 may improve treatment outcomes of cancer patients and that CSA may serve as a valuable supplement to the currently used combination therapy protocols in oncology.