结构钢缺口板断裂试验及数值分析

通过对25个结构钢缺口板进行的单向拉伸断裂试验,验证了提出的结构钢广义屈服模型和椭球面断裂准则.用ANSYS软件中的参数化设计语言APDL和用户编程功能UPFs,将提出的静水应力型广义屈服模型编制成子程序模块,对结构钢缺口板断裂试验进行了基于广义屈服模型和椭球面断裂准则的数值模拟分析.试验结果表明:裂纹起始于缺口边缘内侧,裂纹在厚度方向贯通后沿宽度发展,试件最终断裂于缺口薄弱断面.缺口板断裂应力场分析表明,提出的椭球面断裂准则对预测结构钢缺口板初始开裂具有广泛适用性和较高精度.     

作物病害胁迫检测的研究进展

综述了基于遥感技术、图像处理技术和农业专家系统的作物病害胁迫检测方法,比较这三种方法研究进展及其优缺点,介绍了近场声全息技术研究现状,提出了基于近场声全息理论的作物病害胁迫检测的研究方法,为作物病害综合精准防治开辟了一条新的途径．     

多步自适应组合预测及其应用

提出一种多步自适应组合预测方法.预测由多个并行不同的多步自适应预测模型组成,最终预测结果,由多个预测模型预测值的线性加权组合决定.本法适用于随机时变动态系统过程的多步预测问题,在某省粮食产量趋势预测中,应用此法获得了良好的效果.     

Meso-四（3，4 二甲苯基）卟啉金属配合物的合成

为筛选催化环己烷氧化合成己二酸用仿生催化剂,研究了以吡咯、3,4 二甲基苯甲醛和金属盐为原料,合成一种带多个疏水性短碳链对称卟啉化合物meso-四（3,4 二甲苯基）卟啉（简称TDMPP）金属钴（Ⅱ）、铜（Ⅱ）配合物的方法,探讨了溶剂配比、反应时间、反应物的物质量浓度等对产率的影响;并利用UV Vis和IR对合成的物质结构进行了表征.结果表明合成TDMPPCo的适宜工艺参数为：v（丙酸）∶v（冰乙酸）等于2∶1;n（吡咯）∶n（3,4 甲基苯甲醛）∶n（醋酸钴）等于100∶104∶029;吡咯的物质量浓度为0.25mol/L;反应时间为50min;反应温度为125～130℃;产率达32％.合成TDMPPCu的适宜工艺参数为：v（丙酸）∶v（冰乙酸）等于3∶1,n（吡咯）∶n（3,4 甲基苯甲醛）∶n（醋酸铜）等于100∶104∶027;吡咯的物质量浓度为0.25mol/L,反应时间为50min,反应温度为130～135℃,产率达38％.     

压力敏感性材料球形孔洞动态扩展问题

为进一步研究岩土材料爆炸场的特点,采用椭圆型屈服准则和自相似假设,并结合Hopkins三区模型,研究幂硬化材料球形孔洞动态扩展问题.通过对弹性区的研究得出弹性区应力的分布和弹塑性交界处的连续条件;然后在塑性区给出一个求解动态扩展问题的非线性微分方程组;最后通过打靶法数值求解该非线性微分方程组,给出满足边界条件的数值解,并讨论材料参数对场量的影响.结果表明,椭圆型屈服准则能很好地描述压力敏感性材料中孔洞的动态扩展.     

Development of a unified viscoplasticity constitutive model based on classical plasticity theory

The traditional unified viscoplasticity constitutive model can be only applied to metal materials. The study of the unified constitutive theory for metal materials has discovered the correlation between the classical plasticity theory and the unified viscoplasticity constitutive model, thus leading to the concepts of the classic plastic potential and yield surface in the unified constitutive model. Moreover, this research has given the continuous expression of the classical plastic multiplier and presented the corresponding constructive method, which extends its physical significance and lays down a good foundation for the application of the unified constitutive theory to the material analysis in more fields. This paper also introduces the unified constitutive model for metal materials and geo-materials. The numerical simulation indicates that the construction should be both reasonable and practical. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90410012)     

正交法选择COPNA树脂的最佳合成条件

COPNA树脂可作为炭／炭复合材料的基体前驱体。为提高以苯甲醛为交联荆，蔡为单体，浓硫酸为催化剂的缩合多核芳香烃（COPNA）树脂的残炭率，采用正交实验，研究了合成COPNA树脂的交联荆与单体的摩尔比、催化荆的用量、反应温度等因素对树脂的残炭率的影响。结果表明：影响因子强度大小依次为交联剂与单体的摩尔比、催化荆用量、反应温度。通过正交实验得到的最佳反应条件是交联剂与单体的摩尔比为2．5、催化剂的用量为5％、反应温度170℃，此条件下合成的COPNA树脂的残炭率达到76％。     

高能电子束辐射对硼酚醛树脂的影响

对硼酚醛树脂进行了高能电子束辐射,并进行了差热分析、热失重分析、残炭率和炭化后的粉末电阻率测试.结果表明硼酚醛树脂辐射前在100～200 ℃之间有一个明显的吸热反应峰,固化温度范围较大;而经过辐射后,100～300 ℃反应峰较少,硼酚醛树脂的固化温度范围明显减小,且固化温度降低.炭化后粉末电阻率由辐射前的3899.6 μΩ·m显著提高为辐射后的4951.6 μΩ·m;残炭率由60.6%降低为58.1%.     

Phosphate sorption isotherms in relation to P nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The phosphate sorption isotherms are needed to explain differential plant responses to P fertilization in soils. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments investigated the use of phosphorus sorption isotherms in relation to P fertilizer requirement of wheat in ten benchmark soils of Punjab, India. The modified Mitscherlich Equation (3) was used to describe plant response observed in different soils. Maximum obtainable yield (MOY) ranged from 11.6 g pot^–1 in Gurdaspur (I) sandy clay loam to 7.0 g pot^–1 in Nabha sandy clay loam. Response to P applied @ 25 mg P kg^–1 soil was maximum (77%) in Bathinda sand and minimum in Chuharpur clay loam (33%). The response curvature varied from 3.74 × 10^–2 in Nabha sandy clay loam to 4.43 × 10^–2 in Kanjli sandy loam. The soil solution P required to produce optimum yield (90% MOY) varied from 1.61 µg ml^–1 in Bathinda sand to 0.10 µg ml^–1 in Sadhugarh clay. Dry matter yield obtained at 0.2 µg ml^–1 solution P concentration ranged from 55% in Bathinda sand to 85% of MOY in Gurdaspur (II) clay loam. At the same solution P concentration (0.1 µg P ml^–1), dry matter yield was 91% in Sadhugarh clay, 80% in Gurdaspur (II) clay loam and, 43% of MOY in Bathinda sand and eventually coincided with the decreasing maximum buffer capacity (MBC) in these soils. At the same level of sorbed P (100 mg P kg^–1 soil) the yield was observed to be inversely proportional to MBC. The study, therefore, concludes that, soils should be grouped according to their P sorption characteristics and MBC before using critical soil solution P as a criterion for obtaining optimum yields.     

Effects of decomposing rice straw on growth of and nitrogen fixation byRhizobium

Five phenolic compounds produced by decomposing rice straw and sterile extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil were very inhibitory to growth of three strains ofRhizobium. The effects were additive and in several instances synergistic. The phenolic compounds also reduced nodule numbers and hemoglobin content of the nodules in two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil (same concentration as in the soil) significantly reduced N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction) in Bush Black Seeded beans. This may explain in part the great reduction in soybean yields in Taiwan following rice crops when the rice stubble is left in the field.