基于有限元方法的CeCl3和NdCl3在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电极动力学模拟

充分理解锕系元素和镧系元素在熔盐中的行为和性质是实现反应堆乏燃料熔盐电解后处理的关键,然而熔盐电解实验所需的高温环境、腐蚀性熔盐甚至放射性物质等条件限制了实验的广泛开展。为寻求一种低成本且可靠的获取元素在熔盐中性质的途径,采用有限元方法在不同温度下模拟了不同浓度的三氯化铈和三氯化钕在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的循环伏安曲线,并与实验数据做了对比。结果表明,有限元方法能够较为准确地反映实际电化学过程,继而为乏燃料熔盐电解后处理提供数据支持。     

Cyclic Nigerosyl-Nigerose as Oxygen Nanocarrier to Protect Cellular Models from Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury: Implications from an In Vitro Model

Heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing among the aging population, and the mortality rate remains unacceptably high despite improvements in therapy. Myocardial ischemia (MI) and, consequently, ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), are frequently the basis of HF development. Therefore, cardioprotective strategies to limit IRI are mandatory. Nanocarriers have been proposed as alternative therapy for cardiovascular disease. Controlled reoxygenation may be a promising strategy. Novel nanocarriers, such as cyclic nigerosyl-nigerose (CNN), can be innovative tools for oxygen delivery in a controlled manner. In this study we analyzed new CNN-based formulations as oxygen nanocarriers (O₂-CNN), and compared them with nitrogen CNN (N₂-CNN). These different CNN-based formulations were tested using two cellular models, namely, cardiomyoblasts (H9c2), and endothelial (HMEC) cell lines, at different concentrations. The effects on the growth curve during normoxia (21% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 74% N₂) and their protective effects during hypoxia (1% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 94% N₂) and reoxygenation (21% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 74% N₂) were studied. Neither O₂-CNN nor N₂-CNN has any effect on the growth curve during normoxia. However, O₂-CNN applied before hypoxia induces a 15–30% reduction in cell mortality after hypoxia/re-oxygenation when compared to N₂-CNN. O₂-CNN showed a marked efficacy in controlled oxygenation, which suggests an interesting potential for the future medical application of soluble nanocarrier systems for MI treatment.     

采用循环伏安法研究微孔型多孔炭电极的电容特性

以酚醛树脂为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备出3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭(孔径≤2 nm)。在低温氮气吸附法测定BET比表面积和孔结构的基础上,采用循环伏安法考察了这3种微孔型多孔炭作电极的双电层电容器(EDLC)的电容特性。实验结果表明,微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的电容特性是:在低扫描速率下,其循环伏安曲线达到电容平台后在高电压(±1.0 V)附近出现峰电容;延长在电解液中的浸渍时间,电极的比电容增大,高电位附近的峰电容减小。3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的循环伏安特性受浸渍时间影响的程度也不同。     

34CrMoA转子钢高温循环蠕变断口分形维数与蠕变性能的关系

用垂直剖面法测定了34CrMoA转子钢在550℃循环蠕变断口的分形维数,分析、比较了分形维数与蠕变性能的关系,结果表明,分形维数与断裂应变呈线性关系。     

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF IRON ALUMINIDES

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The role of thermal shock in cyclic oxidation

The effect of thermal shock on the spalling of oxides from the surfaces of several commercial alloys was determined. The average cooling rate was varied from approximately 240°C/sec to less than 1.0°C/sec during cyclic oxidation tests in air. The tests consisted of 100 cycles of 1 hr at the maximimum temperature (1100 or 1200°C). The alloys were HOS-875, TD-Ni, TD-NiCrAl, In-601, In-702, and B-1900 plus Hf. All of these alloys exhibited partial spalling within the oxide rather than total oxide loss down to bare metal. Thermal shock resulted in deformation of the metal, which in turn resulted, in most cases, in change of the oxide failure mode from compressive to tensile. Tensile failures were characterized by cracking of the oxide and little loss, while compressive failures were characterized by explosive loss of platelets of oxide. This behavior was confirmed by examination of mechanically stressed oxide scales. The thermally shocked oxides spalled less than the slow-cooled samples with the exception of TD-NiCrAl. This material failed in a brittle manner rather than by plastic deformation. The HOS-875 and the TD-Ni did not spall during either type of cooling. Thus, the effect of thermal shock on spalling is determined, in large part, by the mechanical properties of the metal.     

GH4169缺口件多轴加载下应力应变场的有限元分析

采用GH4169缺口试件在650 ℃下进行了高温拉扭疲劳断裂试验,利用ANSYS 6 1 有限元分析软件计算试件缺口周围的应力应变场,确定出试件在各种载荷状况下的应力集中系数。计算结果表明,该有限元建模方式是合理的,为以后缺口件的寿命预测过程奠定了基础。     

Electrochemical behaviour of Mn3+/Mn2+, Co3+/Co2+ and Ce4+/Ce4+ redox mediators in methanesulfonic acid

The redox behaviour of Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺, Co³⁺/Co²⁺ and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ mediators commonly used in indirect oxidation of organic compounds were evaluated in methane sulfonic acid on a glassy carbon working electrode employing cyclic voltammetry. Manganic methanesulfonate exhibits higher instability in dilute methanesulfonic acid. The solid MnO₂ formed during disproportionation on the glassy carbon electrode further affects the reproducibility. Cobaltic methanesulfonate formation occurs only at oxygen evolution region rendering the overall oxidation process less efficient. Ceric methane sulfonate formation is highly efficient over a wide acid concentration range. Ceric methanesulfonate can also be employed over a wide temperature range to oxidize different aromatic compounds.     

Fractionation of partially stereoregular poly(propylene oxide)

Partially stereoregular poly(propylene oxide) samples were synthesized via reactions catalysed by a preformed analytically defined trimethylaluminium hydrolysate. These samples were fractionated into two contrastingly different fractions.

1. (i) D-polymers: This fraction constituted the major part (up to 90%). It mainly contained cyclic low molecular weight oligomers (MW < 1000). The linear chains found in D-polymers had hydroxyl end groups. No double bonds could be detected spectroscopically.

2. (ii) K-polymers: This fraction was high molecular weight stereoregular polymer. Stepwise thermal precipitation from dilute isooctane solution of K-polymers yielded a succession of fractions which differed in melting point. It appears that the phase equilibria during the thermal precipitations were not controlled by the molecular weights of species.

Electrochemical pitting behaviour of type 321 stainless steel in sulfide-containing chloride solutions

The pitting behaviour of type 321 stainless steel in sulfide-containing chloride aqueous environments was studied using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization. A well-established correlation between H₂S and Na₂S₂O₃ in the study of corrosion was applied, that is, H₂S was simulated by Na₂S₂O₃. The major factors affecting the pitting corrosion of type 321 stainless steel are the Cl^- concentration, solution pH and temperature. The results clearly indicate that both E_pit and E _pp decrease with increasing Cl^- concentration and temperature, while I _pass is more sensitive to temperature variation. E _pit decreased with decreasing pH in the range 2 < pH < 7.5. The surface morphology and chemistry of the corroded type 321 stainless steel resulting from anodic polarization in 0.01 M S₂O ₃ ^2- -containing Cl^- solution were analysed by XRD, SEM and EPMA. A higher concentration of sulfur was found in the pits, and the dark surface film was mainly composed of FeS and -Fe₂O₃. The results describe the pitting behaviour of type 321 stainless steel in sulfide-containing Cl^- aqueous environments.