影响纳米CeO_2晶粒形貌的因素及机理

以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为铈源,NH3.H2O为沉淀剂,用普通沉淀法在不同反应条件下制备了粒径、形貌各异的纳米CeO2。研究结果表明,Ce(NO3)3最佳浓度为0.2 mol/L。XRD和IR结果证实了产物的物相结构。TEM分析表明:控制pH可以得到形貌不同的纳米CeO2粒子。用乙醇作溶剂得到了粒径约为15 nm、分布均匀的纳米CeO2颗粒。正加料(沉淀剂滴入盐溶液中)可以得到各种形貌的纳米CeO2;而反加料(盐溶液滴入沉淀剂中)仅能得到针状纳米CeO2颗粒。     

Separation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol-based fermentations of Klebsiella pneumoniae by alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization

The separation of 1,3-propanediol from the glycerol-based fermentation broth of Klebsiella pneumoniae plays an important role during the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol. In this paper, the separation of 1,3-propanediol from fermentative broth by a combination of ultrafiltration and alcohol dilution crystallization was investigated. The broth was first filtered by ultrafiltration, and 99% of cells, 89.4% of proteins and 69% of nucleic acids were removed. The obtained broth was further condensed by vacuum distillation, and then alcohol was added. The macromolecular impurities, such as nucleic acids, polysaccharides and proteins, were precipitated, and inorganic and organic salts were crystallized. The optimal volume ratio of alcohol added to the condensed fermentation broth was determined to be 2:1. As a result, proteins, nucleic acids and electric conductivity decreased by 97.4%, 89.7% and 95.8%, respectively, compared with the fermentative broth. The influences of pH and water content in condensed broth on alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization was feasible and effective for the separation of 1,3-propanediol from actual fermentation broth. Translated from The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2006, 6(3): 454–457 [译自: 过程工程学报]     

Sex pheromone communication in the nematode,Rhabditis pellio

Both males and females ofRhabditis pellio release pheromones that attract the opposite sex prior to copulation. A quantitative bioassay for the female-produced pheromone was designed, based on male movement toward a pheromone source placed at one end of a 10-mm strip of bacterial material maintained on nutrient agar in a petri plate. Females produced pheromone from the age at which they attained the adult stage (3 days following hatching from the egg) and maintained a relatively constant production level until at least the ninth day of life. Similarly, males became responsive to the female pheromone by the third day and remained responsive through the ninth day, although the time required for the males to migrate toward a female pheromone source increased with increasing age. No daily rhythm of pheromone responsiveness by males or pheromone production by females was observed when the nematodes were conditioned to a 1212 h light-dark cycle.     

超临界CO2GAS沉析HMX制细过程的影响因素

研究了超临界CO2GAS沉析丙酮溶液中HMX的过程压力、温度、溶液初始浓度和溶液的膨胀速度及影响晶体粒度的因素。结果表明，压力增加，沉析颗粒的平均粒度减小；温度控制沉析晶体的晶型，对颗粒度的影响相对较小，温度增加，沉析平均粒度略有增加；溶液初始浓度对平均粒度的影响相对较大，膨胀速度亦是影响粒度及其分布的一个因素。快速膨胀溶液．并使过饱和度足够大，使过饱和度主要消耗在成核上，可得到颗粒小、分布窄的HMX颗粒。     

液相沉淀法制备纳米TiO2及其光催化性能的研究

提出了一种以TiSO₄为前驱体的制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO₂的液相沉淀法。通过控制适宜的制备条件，可将Ti^4+的初始浓度提高到15 mol·L^-1。以丙烯酰胺的光催化降解为模型反应，考察了所制备TiO₂的光催化活性。与萃取沉淀法制备的TiO₂和工业催化剂相比，该法制备的TiO₂不仅产率高，而且催化活性较好。     

降雨量空间分布对山洪临界雨量的影响

山洪临界雨量是山洪灾害预报预警的重要基础,受降雨、土壤含水量以及下垫面的影响,其中降雨量空间分布是重要的影响因素之一。以湖北省崇阳县高堤河流域为例,采用HEC-HMS分布式水文模型计算设计洪水,试算法计算临界雨量,提出了降雨量空间分布系数,分析了降雨量空间分布系数与临界雨量的关系,探讨了降雨空间分布对临界雨量的影响。结果表明:当降雨从上游到下游逐渐减少时,达到相同成灾流量对应的临界雨量最大,暴雨中心在下游时临界雨量最小,说明降雨量空间分布对临界雨量影响显著。由分析可知,在山洪灾害预警实践中应根据实际的降雨空间分布对预警指标适当修正,对山洪进行动态雨量预警。     

同时发生初次和二次成核且为聚结控制的沉淀过程多定态及稳定性分析

The possibility of multiplicity in an isothermal continuous mixed suspension-mixed product removal crystallizer is explored using the bifurcation theory.A process involving agglomeration controlled precipitation is considered in which secondary nucleation occurs simultaneously with primary nucleation.The determinant equations for the existence of multiple steady states are developed and the multiplicity boundaries dependent on the physical and kinetic properties and operational parameters of the process are obtained by resolving these determinant equations.The number of steady states in the precipitator for various multiplicity regions is determined and the linear stability of these steady states is analyzed by using the Routh criterion.     

酸性铵盐沉钒条件实验研究

以温度、时间、搅拌强度为变量，以沉淀率、抽滤后滤饼含水量、烘干后多钒酸铵(APV)中杂质含量等作为评价指标，对酸性铵盐沉钒条件进行了研究. 结果表明：以含钒30 g/L左右的溶液为原料，加硫酸铵后用硫酸调节pH至2.2左右，沸水浴(95℃)中沉淀120 min左右，桨式搅拌转速300 r/min，可获得99%以上的沉淀率，抽滤滤饼含水量20%以下，烘干后APV含Na 0.70%~ 1.08%, S 0.78%~1.20%.     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌和片状氧化锌粉体

以氯化锌、尿素为原料 ,采用均匀沉淀法在一定条件下制备得到纳米级氧化锌粉体。并以TEM、SEM、XRD等测试手段对产物的粉体结构、形貌进行了研究。结果表明 ,在 2 0 0℃下热处理得到的氧化锌粉体结晶性能良好 ;在较大的反应物浓度及反应物浓度比下可以得到较小的晶体粒径 ,平均为 2 0nm ,且分散性好 ;在较小的浓度及较小的浓度比下得到的晶体粒径较大 ,并呈片状生长。阐述了浓度对于粒径大小的影响并得出片状氧化锌微晶生长的最佳条件。     

液相合成纳米氧化锌及其光催化性能探讨

以硝酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,分别以水和醇作为溶剂,采用液相直接沉淀法合成纳米氧化锌。在以水为反应溶剂条件下,研究了反应时间、反应温度、反应物浓度和反应物配比对纳米氧化锌中位径和形貌的影响,得到制备较小中位径及合适长径比纳米氧化锌的最优反应条件,即:反应时间为3 h、反应温度为70 ℃、锌离子浓度为0.5 mol/L、锌离子与氢氧根浓度比为1:2。在上述最优反应条件下,研究了不同醇溶剂对纳米氧化锌中位径、形貌及其光催化性能的影响。研究发现,随着溶剂碳链长度的增长,纳米氧化锌中位径呈现上下波动,无明显变化规律,形貌由球状向柱状发展,光催化性能总体不断减弱。