小浪底库区坡地不同利用方式入渗规律与产流产沙特征研究

坡耕地水土流失已成为小浪底库区生态环境和农业可持续性发展所面临的一个重大问题。通过饱和入渗和模拟降雨试验,对不同退耕利用方式(撂荒坡地、造林幼林地、林草间作、农林间作)和传统坡耕地利用方式(坡耕地翻耕休闲、坡耕地翻耕后种植玉米)入渗规律与产流、产沙特征做了研究。结果表明:(1)退耕后坡面饱和入渗率均高于传统方式,其四种方式平均饱和入渗率是传统利用方式的1.48倍;撂荒坡地的饱和入渗率最高;同一坡面,坡底饱和入渗率高于坡中、上部。(2)初始产流时间,撂荒坡地、造林幼林地、林草间作、农林间作分别比翻耕种玉米延迟26.16min、14.89min、13.48min、6.01min,两种传统方式差别不大。持续产流时间退耕方式也长于传统方式。(3)传统方式径流总量是上述四种退耕方式的2~5倍,平均产流速率明显高于退耕方式;产沙总量是退耕方式的3~50倍左右,平均产沙速度是其的1.72~9.4倍;产沙、产流总量和与产流降雨历时密切相关。     

船闸液压启闭机常见故障处理

文章分析船闸液压启闭机的常见故障,提出了相应的解决措施。     

岷江都江堰降雨与径流变化趋势分析及预测

依据岷江上游紫坪铺水文站监测1955—2008年降雨量与年径流量资料为基础数据,用线性倾向法、滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall法进行系列趋势检验,采用小波分析进行序列周期性分析,用ARIMA模型法构建降雨径流预测模型。结果表明:近54 a来,岷江流域都江堰段降雨量与径流量均有下降趋势,其中降雨下降较快,降雨的突变点比径流少且二者存在6~21 a的周期,得到的ARIMA模型预测精度较高,结合序列趋势变化与周期性,可得到该区未来降雨径流更合理的预测。     

不同降雨条件下非饱和土边坡稳定性分析

针对广东某高速路堑边坡,研究不同降雨强度、历时以及不同坡面入渗量对边坡稳定性的影响。研究表明：当雨强越接近土体的饱和渗透系数时,边坡的安全系数越小;当雨强小于土体的饱和渗透系数时,长历时的降雨对边坡稳定性的影响小;等强型降雨条件下,非饱和土边坡在降雨结束后1～3ｄ安全系数达到最小。加固后的路堑边坡应强化并保持坡面阻水能力,否则可能出现非加固区浅表层滑塌。     

THE DUAL NATURE OF HYDROPEAKING RIVERS: IS ECOPEAKING POSSIBLE?

Philosophically, the natural flow regime concept is tremendously appealing; however, its application can be challenging for many biologists without the expertise or resources to handle such approaches on their own. This is particularly true on hydropeaking rivers, where incorporating natural flow is sometimes challenging. Additional challenges include our limited understanding of how individual flow components relate to geomorphic and ecological processes. Supplementary to environmental flow approaches is understanding that many hydropeaking rivers are ecologically two different rivers in one: the low flow and high peaking flow. Taxa that require a narrow range of water velocities or cannot withstand rapid changes in discharge would likely be eliminated or competitively disadvantaged under such harsh environmental conditions. As the low and peak flows diverge, the two rivers become increasingly different ecologically, and there will likely be fewer taxa that can withstand such abiotic variability. Deviations from a natural flow regime may result in new constraints on certain fishes and invertebrates, but this does not necessarily mean a loss of productive fish habitat. Viewing hydropeaking rivers as two rivers in one and the risks associated with high to low flow ratios may serve as a more practical and useful perspective towards maintaining altered yet productive rivers while representing a step towards improving the management river ecosystems. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013.     

清河干流生态基流计算分析

根据清河干流八棵树水文站、开原水文站1988-2009年径流量资料,选取Tennant法、90%保证率最枯月平均流量法、NGPRP法等5种水文学方法对清河干流生态基流进行了计算,通过对各水文学方法计算结果的对比分析,发现Tennant法更适合用于清河干流生态基流的计算。根据不同水平年清河干流生态基流Tennant法的计算结果,并与清河干流实际径流进行对比分析,表明随着不同水平年降雨量的减少,清河干流生态需水的满足程度逐渐减小。     

高校机房和实验室计算机管理维护方法探究

文章介绍了高校机房和实验室计算机维护的注意事项,并结合我院的实际情况从设备管理和维护这两个方面的工作来提出了一些改进措施。     

EC-5000型准分子激光机的维修

结合工作实践,论述了EC-5000型准分子激光机系统及其日常保养和维护要点.该设备由本单位检修,节约了大量资金.     

关于智能选课管理系统的安全策略的探讨

全面阐述了对高校学分制管理体制下的网上智能选课管理系统的安全保护策略。     

The potential of runoff-farming in the Sahel region: Developing a methodology to identify suitable areas

Runoff-farming, a water harvesting technique, is the diversion of rain water from a collecting area to a cropping area, thereby increasing the quantity of water available for crop growth. This technique, applicable in various types, is regarded as necessary to secure and increase food production in semi-arid regions. Simultaneously it minimizes water erosion risk where it is applied. As the potential of runoff-farming has not been investigated, a methodology had to be developed to enable planners to identify suitable areas the most efficient way. Five main information sources are tapped: ground checks by various specialists, maps, data, aerial photographs and satellite images. The interpretation of the collected data yields in the quantification of the runoff water, the water requirements of the crops and the water storage capacity of the soil. All factors have to be validated and integrated into a decision model.