Diurnal patterns of micropollutants concentrations in domestic greywater

In recent years, much interest has been given to presence of micropollutants in municipal wastewater, some of which are suspected to be endocrine disruptors, toxic or carcinogenic. Much less attention has been paid to their presence in greywater. The present research studies the diurnal patterns of micropollutants in greywater and computes their daily loads. Monitoring was carried-out using auto-controlled sampling system, designed to overcome the erratic greywater generation. Two main generation periods were identified: morning (5:00–11:00) and evening-night (18:00–2:00), contributing about 20% and >50% of daily greywater discharge, respectively. Average specific daily greywater discharge was 57 L p^?1d^?1, which matches reported value for greywater generated by showers and washbasins in Israel. The most frequently detected micropollutants in this study were methylparben (preservative), galaxolide (fragrance) and oxybenzone (UV-filter), which are common ingredients in many personal care-products. Their daily loads were 2, 840, 1, 887 and 728 µg p^?1d^?1, respectively.     

降雨触发不同级配堆积体滑坡模型试验研究

深入研究降雨条件下堆积体坡失稳规律对滑坡预测预报和防灾减灾具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。开发研制了降雨滑坡室内模型试验系统,对3种配制的堆积体土样进行了模型试验。研究了降雨条件下堆积体土坡的渗流、变形、破坏和颗粒运移的规律,探讨颗粒级配对堆积体土坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:坡内土体体积含水率、孔隙水压力和吸力随降雨历程响应明确;湿润锋到达后体积含水率和孔隙水压力持续增加而吸力持续减小,达到峰值后稳定;降雨停止后体积含水率和孔隙水压力立即降低而吸力逐渐增大。坡体破坏瞬时土体位移有一个加速过程。颗粒级配(含石量)对土坡破坏模式具有显著的影响;堆积体含石量为13%,19%,41%的土坡破坏模式分别为多级后退式破坏、冲蚀引起的局部浅层滑动破坏和块状滑动破坏;含石量越小,滑裂面越明显;含石量对细颗粒流失也有影响,含石量越大细颗粒流失越显著,坡脚细颗粒含量越大。     

吴起县黄土崩塌组合治理方案设计与工程施工

吴起县居宁花园后侧山体存在高陡黄土边坡,在长期降雨及人类工程活动的影响下,形成了崩塌地质灾害隐患。对此,提出了采用削方减载和土钉支护加强坡体稳定性的组合治理方案,并结合治理区实际情况,对分级削坡和土钉支护的各项参数、工艺要求、施工方法等进行了设计。按照设计方案施工结束后,坡体得到了有效加固,达到了治理的目的。     

Proposal for an Inundation Hazard Index of Road Links for Safer Routing Services in Car Navigation Systems

Inundation of roads by heavy rainfall has attracted more attention than traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and construction because it simultaneously causes travel delays and threatens driver safety. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose an inundation hazard index (IHI) of road links, which shows the possibility of inundation of road links caused by rainfall. To generate the index, we have used two key data sources, namely the digital elevation model (DEM) and past rainfall records of when inundation has occurred. IHI is derived by statistically analyzing the relationships between the normalized relative height of the road links calculated from DEM within the watershed and past rainfall records. After analyzing the practical applicability of the proposed index with a commercial car navigation system through a set of tests, we confirmed that the proposed IHI could be implemented to choose safer routes, with reduced chances of encountering roads having inundation risks.s     

离子色谱法同时测定降水中的常见水溶性阴离子

文章研究了用离子色谱法直接测定降水中阴离子的色谱条件、线性范围。实验研究表明,Fˉ、Clˉ、NO3ˉ、SO42ˉ方法的最小检出限分别为:0.006、0.012、0.020、0.037 mg/L;相对标准偏差均在10%以下,加标回收率为95.9%～102.4%。用离子色谱法直接测定大气降水中的阴离子,操作简单、快捷,具有可靠的准确度和良好的精密度,且灵敏度高,实验结果令人满意。     

不同压力下垃圾降解压缩试验研究

利用课题组设计研制的垃圾降解压缩试验仪,将新鲜垃圾试样在100,200,400 kPa三个竖向压力作用下分别进行室内降解压缩试验。试验模拟了不同降解条件下填埋场垃圾的沉降过程,对比研究了压力对垃圾土长期沉降的影响。试验结果表明,当垃圾处于适宜的降解环境时,垃圾中有机物的生物降解导致沉降速率逐渐增大,产生比较显著的降解沉降。试样所受的压力越大,产生的主压缩应变越大,后期的降解沉降和蠕变沉降越小。随着时间的增加,压力对总沉降的影响相对减小。压缩参数与垃圾的降解状态有关,应变与时间对数曲线中在压缩前期和后期近似呈线性关系,压缩前期修正次压缩指数较小,后期垃圾加速降解时修正次压缩指数较大。     

日常生活、观念与本土建筑——关于王澍建筑文本、作品的几点思考

王澍是中国当代最活跃的年轻建筑师之一,他的建筑文本一直保持着对传统文化和个人经验的探索,建筑作品带有明显的个人印记。文章通过对王澍早期和近期作品的比较分析,从设计观念、空间形式、建造技术以及建成效果等方面,对其建筑历程和特点做一个简要的总结和梳理,试图探讨王澍在当代中国建筑发展整体上呈现"模糊"的状况下,力求突破的价值与现实的困惑。     

鄂西北片岩边坡渗流计算与稳定性分析

鄂西北广泛出露的武当群片岩,岩体变质程度深,结构特征复杂,加之雨季雨量充沛。在工程开挖、削坡过程中出现大量不稳定岩质边坡,十堰市某变电站在施工过程中出现的边坡失稳便是典型案例。在对该滑坡的工程地质条件以及变形特征分析的基础上,采用饱和-非饱和渗流计算得到滑坡体内孔隙水压力分布规律,并采用极限平衡法分析了滑坡稳定性系数随时间的变化规律。分析结果表明,降雨是该类边坡失稳的主要诱发因素,因此在工程中务必做好坡体表面甚至内部的排水措施,避免雨水大量入渗坡体,还应制定在边坡开挖过程中应对突降大雨的应急预案。     

深基坑降水方案的确定

结合具体工程实例,介绍了基坑降水方案的选择,进行了基坑降水设计计算,阐述了防渗帷幕的设置和回灌系统的布置,提出了基坑降水施工的建议,积累了深基坑降水经验。