沂蒙抽水蓄能电站折线型混凝土面板坝数值模拟分析与应用

结合山东沂蒙项目折线型混凝土面板坝工程两套设计方案,开展三维静力有限元应力变形分析,模拟大坝施工期、蓄水期性状,探讨不同阶段设计方案下坝体与防渗体应力变形特征,分析面板与连接板布置形式对折线型面板坝应力变形的影响。数值分析表明,折线型面板的转角部位应力变形复杂,面板与周边缝受拉趋势与程度增加;调整转折段面板形态、合理设置连接板可有效改善面板折线处的变形与受力状态,减少应力突变现象。建议加强面板、连接板和止水结构抗拉性能的研究。     

绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度分析

贵州省绿塘水库堆石混凝土拱坝是第一座采取不分横缝整体浇筑的堆石混凝土拱坝,不仅取消了振捣/碾压,通水冷却,还取消分缝,极大简化了混凝土拱坝施工。为了研究绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝的施工期温度过程,开展了施工期临时温度监测,并综合分析了大坝永久温度监测系统获得的施工期温度、施工单位混凝土温度记录、当地气温历史记录等多种资料,论证了温度监测资料的可靠性,得到了一些基本认识。主要结论有:(1)堆石混凝土水化热温升低;(2)气候温和地区完全不采取温控措施的堆石混凝土工程,堆石入仓温度接近于日平均气温,高自密实性能混凝土(HSCC)入仓温度显著高于气温;(3)堆石混凝土入仓温度可以根据HSCC入仓温度与气温加权平均得到。绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝采取不分横缝整体浇筑,是成功的创新实践,可以在气候温和地区推广应用。     

存在高渗透区的黏土心墙土石坝渗流稳定性分析

黏土心墙土石坝是重要的挡水建筑物,心墙的低渗透性可以大幅降低坝体水力梯度,减少坝体发生渗透破坏的风险。然而心墙的质量问题（如局部高渗透区）会影响坝体的渗透稳定性,甚至酿成管涌溃坝等严重后果。以瀑布沟心墙土石坝为原型开展坝体渗流大型水槽模型试验,并结合有限元数值模拟方法研究高渗透区对坝体内部渗流场和渗流稳定性的影响。试验表明高渗透区域将改变心墙的渗流场,成为优势渗流通道,导致高渗透区域附近孔压值大幅上升,同时高渗透区域的存在将显著提升坝体渗漏速率。试验与模拟结果一致表明,随着高渗透区域逐步上移,高渗透区所在位置处的孔隙水压力增大,坝体渗漏量减小。高渗透区和心墙的渗透系数增加都会使心墙孔压值和渗漏量增加;随着高渗透区的渗透系数的增大,心墙坝渗流稳定性系数降低,导致坝体稳定性下降;随着心墙渗透系数的增大,高渗透区水力梯度略微减小,但心墙整体临界水力梯度下降,坝体稳定性降低。所得结论可为基于监测数据反演分析心墙的质量问题和评估坝体的安全性能提供依据。     

考虑坝基岩体抗剪强度各向异性的重力坝抗滑稳定分析方法

为研究节理岩体抗剪强度各向异性特征对重力坝抗滑稳定性的影响,利用结构面网络模拟技术,计算节理岩体在主滑动方向上沿不同角度剪切的连通率与相应的抗剪强度参数,对Mohr-Coulomb强度准则进行各向异性修正。在此基础上,结合极限分析法,提出了一种考虑岩体抗剪强度各向异性特征的重力坝抗滑稳定分析方法。将该方法应用于向家坝泄12坝段的深层抗滑稳定分析,并与传统方法的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:该方法与传统方法获得的临界滑裂面位置比较接近,但其抗滑稳定安全系数明显小于传统方法,且临界滑裂面的剪出段倾角与坝基岩体连通率的最大值方向基本一致,和实际情况相符。该方法充分考虑了岩体抗剪强度各向异性的影响,对合理评价重力坝的抗滑稳定性具有重要的工程和现实意义。     

溃坝洪水对构筑物冲击荷载的数值模拟

洪水巨大的冲击力对坝区及堤岸构筑物造成很大的破坏,准确计算溃坝洪水对构筑物的冲击荷载对于建筑物的安全设计是十分必要的。采用有限体积法和中心迎风格式建立了二维数值模型,用于计算溃坝洪水对构筑物的作用力,并将该模型应用于全局溃坝和局部溃坝的物理模型试验。计算结果表明:该模型能够准确地模拟全局溃坝工况下洪水对构筑物冲击荷载的变化情况,而对于局部溃坝工况,本模型的计算结果较为平滑,无法模拟实际水流紊动的过程,但其最大冲击荷载的计算值与试验测量值相接近。相比于三维数值模型,本文所建立的二维数值模型程序简单、计算效率高、计算结果与实测结果总体吻合较好,能够有效地用于预测溃坝洪水对构筑物的冲击荷载。     

杨房沟水电站建设质量智慧管理系统的研发及应用

为提高工程管理效率、控制工程质量、减少人为因素对工程质量的影响,利用信息化、数字化、自动控制等技术对施工过程中的信息、混凝土温度、混凝土振捣、灌浆等环节进行智能监控和管理。为此,杨房沟水电站依托设计施工BIM管理系统的质量管理功能模块,以及由BIM系统集成的智能温控、智能振捣、智能灌浆、全过程影像采集系统,研发形成了大坝智能建造环境下的质量智慧管理系统。通过实现施工质量信息“实时采集-实时分析-决策反馈”的动态质量管理,解决了EPC建设模式以及传统大坝质量管理存在的施工质量控制、信息收集、分析、决策等方面的问题,提高了管理效率和管理质量,取得了较好的管理成效。     

库水-重力坝-无限地基系统地震响应分析

为了分析库水以及无限地基辐射阻尼对库水-重力坝-无限地基系统的地震响应影响,通过比例边界有限元法、有限元法以及无限单元法计算了库水-重力坝-无限地基系统的响应.基于SBFEM计算上游坝面库水压力,利用无限单元法分析无限地基辐射阻尼的影响,以Koyna重力坝为研究对象,给出了重力坝在不同地基弹性模量条件下地震位移时程以及应力的响应,随着地基弹性模量的增加,坝体响应增加.与无质量地基模型的计算结果进行对比,考虑无限地基辐射阻尼的计算结果较小.     

沥青混凝土心墙土石坝水力劈裂计算分析

分析了土石坝水力劈裂原理,针对新疆吐鲁番二塘沟沥青混凝土心墙土石坝,选取河床部位最大断面为典型断面,采用有限元法对其进行水力劈裂计算分析,得出:该土石坝心墙任一高程处的中主应力都小于竖向应力,且中主应力和竖向应力都大于水压力。因此,该坝的心墙不会发生水力劈裂。     

Influence of a high‐head dam as a dispersal barrier to fish community structure of the Upper Mississippi River

In river systems, high‐head dams may increase the distance‐decay of fish community similarity by creating nearly impermeable dispersal barriers to certain species from upstream reaches. Substantial evidence suggests that migratory species are impacted by dams, and most previous studies in stream/river networks have focused on small streams and headwaters. Here, we assess whether a high‐head dam (Lock and Dam 19; LD 19) on a large river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), substantially alters fish community structure relative to variability expected to occur independent of the dam's effect as a fish dispersal barrier. Using fish catch per unit effort data, we modelled the distance‐decay function for the UMR fish community and then estimated the similarity that would be expected to occur across LD19 and compared it with measured similarity. Measured similarity in the fish community above and below LD19 was close to the expected value based on the distance‐decay function, suggesting LD19 does not create an abrupt transition in the fish community. Although some migratory fish species no longer occur above LD19 (e.g., skipjack herring, Alosa chrysochloris), these species do not occur in high abundance below the dam and so do not drive variation in fish community structure. Instead, much of the variation in species structure is driven by the loss/gain of species across the latitudinal gradient. Lock and Dam 19 does not appear to be a clear transition point in the river's fish community, although it may function as a meaningful barrier for particular species (e.g., invasive species) and warrant future attention from a management perspective.     

Sediment storage and shallow groundwater response to beaver dam analogues in the Colorado Front Range,USA

Enthusiasm for using beaver dam analogues (BDAs) to restore incised channels and riparian corridors has been increasing. BDAs are expected to create a similar channel response to natural beaver dams by causing channel bed aggradation and overbank flow, which subsequently raise water tables and support vegetation growth. However, lack of funding for monitoring projects post‐restoration has limited research on whether BDAs actually cause expected channel change in the Front Range and elsewhere. Geomorphic and hydrologic response to BDAs was monitored in two watersheds 1 year post‐restoration. BDAs were studied at Fish Creek, a steep mountainous catchment, and Campbell Creek, a lower gradient piedmont catchment from May to October 2018. At each restoration site, the upstream‐ and downstream‐most BDAs were chosen for intensive study in comparison with unrestored reference reaches. Monitoring focused on quantifying sediment volumes in BDA ponds and recording changes to stream stage and riparian groundwater. Despite differences in physical basin characteristics, BDA pools at both sites stored similar volumes of sediment and stored more sediment than reference pools. Sediment storage is positively correlated to BDA height and pool surface area. However, BDAs did not have a significant influence on shallow groundwater. The lack of groundwater response proximal to BDAs could indicate that local watershed factors have a stronger influence on groundwater response than restoration design 1 year post‐restoration. Systematic, long‐term studies of channel and floodplain response to BDAs are needed to better understand how BDAs will influence geomorphology and hydrology.