护环钢50Mn18Cr4沿晶断裂分析及其对晶界损伤本质的探讨

在对护环钢50Mn18Cr4失效分析的基础上,研究了沿晶碳化物析出对晶界的损伤.研究指出,晶界碳化物析出是由于护环运行过程中加热操作不当引起的;沿晶碳化物析出对钢的有害作用主要表现为对晶界区变形能力和形变强化潜力的损伤.还提出了等强应变的概念,认为晶界受损的多晶体材料,在其应变量超过等强应变之后,晶界区的剪切变形成为较主要的变形方式,这时,在三重晶界或晶界弯折处等有应力集中的地方按微孔型机制形成裂纹并沿晶界扩展,导致微孔型沿晶断裂.等强应变的大小,取决于晶界受损程度.     

Strengthening boron carbide through lithium dopant

The high strength of boron carbide (B₄C) is essential in its engineering applications such as wear-resistance and body armors. Here, by employing density functional theory simulations, we demonstrated that the strength of B₄C can be enhanced by doping lithium to boron-rich boron carbide (B₁₃C₂) to form r-LiB₁₃C₂. The bonding analysis on r-LiB₁₃C₂ indicates that the electron counting rule (or Wade's rule) is satisfied in r-LiB₁₃C₂ whose formula can be written as r-Li⁺(B₁₂)^2-(CB⁺C). The shear deformation on r-LiB₁₃C₂ indicates that its ideal shear strength is larger than that of B₄C because of the existing of Li dopant. The failure process of r-LiB₁₃C₂ under ideal shear deformation initiates from breaking the icosahedral-icosahedral B-B bonds. Then these B atoms react with the middle B in the C-B-C chain, resulting in the disintegration of icosahedral clusters and brittle failure. More interesting, the nanotwinned r-LiB₁₃C₂ is even stronger than r-LiB₁₃C₂ because of the directional nature of covalent bonding at the twin boundaries. This suggests that the nanotwinned r-LiB₁₃C₂ has a significant enhanced strength compared to B₄C. Our simulation results illustrate the deformation mechanism of Li-doped boron carbide and its nanotwinned microstructure. We proposed to improve the strength of boron carbide by doping Li into B₁₃C₂ and increasing its twin densities.     

Effect of temperature on the performance of laterally constrained dielectric elastomer actuators with failure modes

This article analytically investigates the temperature influence on the performance of laterally constrained dielectric elastomer actuators. The effects of both temperature and stretches on the permittivity are taken into consideration. The governing equations of state are established by modeling the actuator as a thermodynamic system of three degrees of freedom. Various failure modes, including electromechanical instability, electric breakdown, loss of tension, and tensile rupture are considered to restrict the operation state and to determine the region of allowable state. Numerical calculations are performed to depict the variations of some important physical quantities with generalized coordinates and to gain insight on the influence of temperature on the critical curves of failures. It is shown that the temperature has obvious effects on the operation state and the allowable region. The present results can be used for designing and optimizing an actuator, and the present approach can be extended to other kinds of dielectric elastomer actuators with complex geometries.     

管线断裂失效概率模型及计算

以相关管道档案、检验报告作为原始资料, 配合现场调查及观测, 采用“ 在役压力管道失效风险分析系统(SAPP)” , 对管线断裂失效风险进行分析。将管线中各缺陷安全状况与失效风险有机地结合起来, 在当前检测缺陷数据基础上, 通过适当选取概率模型, 计算管线的失效风险概率。对于准确了解管线的安全状态, 制定具有针对性的检修计划, 加强管线维护, 保障装置的安全稳定运行有重要的现实意义。     

灰坝渗漏原因分析与处理

粤连电厂贮灰场堆石面板坝发生了较大渗漏,危及灰坝安全运行。经对灰坝进行渗水检查和分析,找出了渗漏位置主要分布在坝踵50 m范围。为了保证灰坝安全运行,提出了灰坝低水位运行和坝前冲填堆粉煤灰治理措施。实践证明坝前冲填堆灰治理渗漏十分理想,目前渗漏已经得到根治,并节约了大量渗漏治理费用。     

拱坝及其优化方法的发展现状与展望

拱坝设计尤其是优化设计问题是近年来众多水利水电专家学者所关注的焦点,并越来越多的受到了人们的重视。简要回顾了拱坝的发展历史及现状,总结了拱坝优化的若干理论方法,最后指出拱坝优化在工程应用中的发展前景。     

用新离散单元法分析混凝土重力坝的地震响应

介绍了一种新离散元列式法,并利用三节点三角形离散单元对地震荷载作用下混凝土重力坝的动力响应进行了计算机模拟,质点的动力方程采用显式中心差分法求解,几何非线性通过采用Green应变计算公式来考虑,阻尼采用Rayleigh模型,材料矩阵采用线性弹性模型,单元间接触力用有限元列式进行计算。文中给出的数值算例表明该方法具有与相同单元的有限元法精度相当,程序编制容易,占用内存小,具有一定工程应用价值。     

劈裂灌浆治理白龙潭水库渗漏

本文介绍了劈裂灌浆技术在白龙潭水库大坝防渗与加固中的应用。对劈裂灌浆机理、主要技术参数和灌浆过程中出现的问题和解决方法进行了探讨,为今后的险库病库处理提供了参考。     

冲击荷载作用下钢管桩的涡振研究

研究了海洋钢管桩搭设支撑前,在打设力、水流、波浪共同作用下引起的涡振机理。目的是解决海洋钢管桩在浪流、打设力等冲击荷载作用下的破坏问题。提出涡振概念并分析产生涡振破坏的情况;建立钢管桩在冲击荷载作用下涡振合成方程,并对涡振合成方程进行求解。结果表明．通过用非线性方法分析钢管桩的涡振机理、研究钢管桩的振动合成方程及其解,可以有效地减轻结构在动力荷载作用下的反应与损伤、并有效地提高结构的抗振能力和抗灾性能．是抗振减灾积极有效的对策,对工程实际具有重大理论价值。     

基于改进电气几何模型的绕击跳闸率的计算

讨论了经典的电气几何模型(EGM),在此基础上提出了3点改进建议。计算中采用IEEE推荐的击距公式,引入系数ksg描述雷击地线和雷击地面击穿强度的不同,用暴露距离计算雷电绕击率和绕击跳闸率。分析了ksg取值对计算结果的影响。利用改进的计算方法、分别计算了地面倾角、避雷线保护角和环境温度对线路绕击跳闸率的影响。结果表明,当ksg减小、地面倾角增大、避雷线保护角增大、温度降低时,绕击跳闸率增大。