PBT工程塑料生产中MFR的控制

针对使用BUSS捏合机生产聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)过程中出现的熔体流动速率(MFR)与产品配方体系中低分子量PBT树脂用量间的异常关系进行了研究和分析。结果表明，混炼加工PBT时，产品的MFR取决于两个因素的综合作用，一为产品配方中高、低粘度树脂的比例；二为低分子量树脂对主机功率的影响。综合二者影响，PBT的MFR与低分子量PBT用量关系近似为y=0．0471x^2-3．6347x 107．83。     

熔体流动时间法测定PBT树脂特性粘数的研究

开发了一种新的特性粘数分析方法 ,该方法采用熔体流动时间计算特性粘数 ,与经典特性粘数分析方法有很好的相关性且具有分析时间短、费用低、无污染等优点。     

橡胶注射充模过程的数值分析

借鉴塑料熔融注射技术，研究了胶料粘弹性引起的入口附加压力降和固体壁面滑移速度对充模过程的影响，从而建立了橡胶在薄矩形模腔内充模流动的数学模型。采用有限单元和有限差分混合方法求数值解。通过计算程序预测了充模过程中前锋线的移动及流动场，并根据模拟计算结果，分析讨论了各因素对充模压力的影响。     

关于现代河流生态保护的哲学思考

从矛盾观、自然观、系统观等唯物辩证法的方法论入手,对河流生态保护进行了哲学反恩。必须运用系统的观点来看待河流系统,保护河流系统的完整性和连续性;必须减轻人类活动对河流自然形态的限制,恢复河流的千姿百态;必须深刻认识河流的演化规律,正确处理好人类和河流之间的关系,不断实现人水和谐;必须尊重河流生命,从辩证的角度在河流开发利用与河流保护之间不断寻求折中点,通过最大努力保护和修复河流生态。     

GEOMORPHIC RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN INSTREAM FLOWS: THE FLOW‐CHANNEL FITNESS MODEL

The flow‐channel fitness model is a conceptual and practical model for predicting the qualitative response of alluvial channels to modifications of flow regimes. ‘Fitness’ refers to the size of channels compared with the flows they convey, with the terminology derived from traditional geomorphic concepts of overfit and underfit streams. The qualitative predictions refer to whether channels experience aggradation, degradation or relative stability, and whether aggradation or degradation is dominated by width or depth. The model is based on transitions among seven possible fitness states, triggered by key thresholds of sediment supply versus transport capacity and shear stress versus shear strength, and requires that potential changes in sediment supply and water surface or energy‐grade slope also be accounted for. The fitness approach can be used where only relative values and changes are known, as is illustrated in three example applications from Texas. The flow‐channel fitness model synthesizes key elements from several existing approaches to predicting geomorphic responses to changes in flow and is intended to augment rather than replace quantitative approaches, providing a predictive tool where the data requirements and assumptions for quantitative models cannot be fully met. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SPAWNING OF THE ENDANGERED AUSTRALIAN LUNGFISH (NEOCERATODUS FORSTERI) IN A HEAVILY REGULATED RIVER: A PULSE FOR LIFE

The Australian lungfish is an endangered native species currently protected under various state, federal and international agreements. Scarce information on their early life history is available due to the absence of juveniles collected in the wild. This has led to concerns about the sustainability of the species and become a driver for the conservation effort for Australian lungfish. This study aimed to consolidate knowledge on the critical hydraulic habitat requirements of this species within a water resource management context. In this study, spawning of Australian lungfish was found to be a seasonal strategy that is highly reliant on a variable low‐flow regime within riverine habitat. Suitable conditions for spawning were characterized by small flow events in early‐to‐mid spring when water temperatures are between 18 and 28 °C, leading to oviposition on short dense macrophytes in shallow water. Importantly, many of the key environmental factors driving the ecological response are manageable through existing water resource infrastructure. Specifically, releases from water storages within the current distribution of Australian lungfish should mimic the natural inflow and temperature regime within the spawning period, and also provide suitable riverine habitat within projected full supply limits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阳离子乳化沥青混凝土配合比设计的优选方法研究

采用均匀正交试验对水泥掺量、乳液用量、拌合用水量三个因素进行优选,得到阳离子乳化沥青混凝土的基础配合比参数。通过测定每组沥青混凝土试件的稳定度和流值,并采用投影寻踪回归分析法(PPR)研究了水泥掺量、乳液用量和拌合用水量对稳定度和流值的影响规律,研究发现,对于稳定度和流值影响最大的因素是水泥掺量,其次是乳液用量的影响,而拌合用水量对稳定度和流值影响较小。     

Coupling of a Conventional Spectrofluorimeter with Stopped‐Flow Devices

Abstract

Experimental techniques and instruments have emerged profusely to the aid of experimental scientists. The mechanical part of research can be said to have simplified much, with the advent of various instruments for different fields of study. In this paper, we describe a simple idea of coupling two separate instrumental entities to develop a complete set‐up for doing stopped flow fluorescence experiments. The main components in the set‐up are one spectrofluorimeter and stopped‐flow devices, and the interface, being made by using optical fiber bundles. Experimental data are also shown in support of the successful interfacing of the devices to obtain useful results.     

Flexible and Autonomous Integrated System for Characterizing Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Response in Dynamic Environment

Characterization and calibration of gas sensor is a complex problem due to the dynamic behavior of gases and the limitations of current technology. This article reports a flexible, robust, and autonomous integrated system that is able to perform characterization on metal oxide-based gas sensors in dynamic environments. The system controls the concentration and flow of the relevant gases into the gas chamber and simultaneously measuring the sensor response. This feature allows the characterization of the sensor under continuous dynamic flow of gases similar to conditions on a robot or flow pipes. Several experiments have been performed on the system using hydrogen sulfide. The results provide information on the general characteristics of the sensor as well as its sensitivity. The noise levels were studied with different reference voltages. Overall, the results verify that the system is reliable and able to produce repeatable measurements.     

Multi‐objective risk assessment of freshwater inflow on ecosystem sustainability in San Antonio bay,Texas

Abstract:

San Antonio Bay is located on the coast of Texas between Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi Bay and is the primary bay in the Guadalupe Estuary. Three rivers feed San Antonio Bay from two river basins, including the Blanco and Guadalupe Rivers in the Guadalupe River Basin and the San Antonio River in the San Antonio River Basin. The Canyon Reservoir regulates the flow of fresh water in the middle and lower reaches of the Guadalupe River. These inflows are a primary regulator of salinity and, thus, the productivity of commercially important estuarine species. Increasing demand for water has prompted plans for an increased diversion of 49.3 million m³ (40,000 acre‐feet) from the reservoir. An additional amount of 61.6 million m³ (50,000 acre‐feet) from the mouth of the river is to be pumped back to San Antonio to relieve over‐pumping of the Edwards Aquifer. Because the Guadalupe River Basin contributes 58.1 percent of the freshwater inflow to the estuary, it is not known what the impact of these actions will have on the ecological integrity of the San Antonio Bay. Water resource management in the San Antonio Basin consists of decision making under risk and uncertainty related to randomness in the critical parameters such as the salinity in the bay, biological productivity, and total flow into the bay. The aim of this study is to investigate the trade‐offs between the competing objectives of maximizing biological productivity in the bay and minimizing flow using Stochastic Compromise Programming (SCP). The SCP model solves a multi‐objective function subject to constraints that must be maintained at three different prescribed levels of probability providing a global set of solutions for the water resource management problem under input uncertainty. The SCP model provides information on the trade‐offs among the objective function value, tolerance values of the constraint at the prescribed levels of probability, which could be valuable to policy makers in risk assessment. Solutions were found using three distance functions. Model outputs may suggest the minimum amount of freshwater needed to maximize biological productivity of the bay at specified risk level for assessing the impact of upcoming diversion program. Results indicate that current flows in the Guadalupe River are of sufficient volume to satisfy harvest requirements.