硫酸盐还原菌处理重金属铬离子废水的实验研究

以静态试验的方式,研究了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理不同浓度的重金属铬离子废水,以及研究了对不同浓度铬离子废水处理不同时间后的各自处理效率,从而得到处理效率最佳的初始铬离子浓度和处理时间。结果表明:当铬(Ⅵ)离子废水初始浓度为50 mg/L到100 mg/L时,SRB菌对铬(Ⅵ)离子废水的处理效率最好,达到99.62%和99.74%;并且较为经济的最佳处理时间为1 h。     

水电站运行调度绩效考核方法

将现有的水电站效益考核指标归纳为主观型、客观单因素型、客观综合型3类,分别进行优缺点评述,认为水能利用提高率反映因素全面、数据易于获取,可作为首选的考核指标。比较了3种库容差电量计算方法的差异,建议以库容曲线的线性程度作为选择库容差电量计算方法的依据。实例应用结果表明,所提出的库容差电量计算方法选择依据是可行的,以水能利用提高率作为首选考核指标是合理的。     

黑龙江省主要河流生态需水量的分析与研究

通过对全省21条主要江河,33个主要河段断面河道生态环境需水量估算,提出河流生态环境需水量的科学数据,为黑龙江省河流水资源的优化配置和水环境改善提供技术支持,并以此提出符合实际情况的控制措施,在今后的河流开发利用中最大限度满足河流自身生态环境用水需要。     

卵砾石生态河床对河流水质净化和生态修复的效果

为研究卵砾石生态河床在河流原位水质净化和生态修复中的效果,选择位于宜兴市大浦镇的林庄港作为试验河道进行原位观测,对比分析了卵砾石生态河床河段和自然河床河段中的生源要素变化规律和水生生物生长状况。试验结果表明:卵砾石生态河床河段对污染物质的截留效果明显好于自然河床河段,对氨氮和总磷的截留率可分别达到37%和25%,卵砾石生态河床的构建可显著提高河道的自净能力;卵砾石生态河床河段水生植被的生长密度和覆盖率均达到良好的水平,大型底栖无脊椎动物在敏感物种数、分类单元数和生物数量密度等方面均优于自然河段的;卵砾石生态河床为水生植物、底栖动物和附着生物等水生生物提供了适宜的栖息环境,对河流生态系统的健康起到了较好的改善作用。     

活性氧化铝除氟性能研究

对3种不同粒径的氧化铝进行活化,控制滤建,研究其除氟性能,并在实验条件下测得其饱和吸附量.实验结果表明,除氟剂粒径小、比表面积较大时,有利于除氟性能的提高.     

细骨料品种对外掺MgO砂浆膨胀性能的影响研究

 为了阐明骨料岩性对MgO混凝土膨胀特性的影响规律及作用机理,研究了20,38,60℃水养护温度下不同骨料砂浆的膨胀率,并结合能谱、元素聚类及相分布等微观测试手段深入分析了水泥基体区与细骨料界面过渡区的微结构及元素富集特性。研究结果表明：养护温度从20℃提高至60℃时,砂浆膨胀率增大,且天然砂与辉石闪长岩砂浆的膨胀率最高,其次为灰岩砂浆,玄武岩砂浆最小。38℃水养条件下,辉石闪长岩砂浆和玄武岩砂浆界面区的Ca,Mg元素富集程度高于灰岩与天然砂砂浆,天然砂较高的表面孔隙率和表面含水率有助于吸引更多的MgO迁移至界面区,快速水化形成晶粒尺寸较大、结构较疏松的“外部膨胀水化产物”水镁石;骨料颗粒通过影响界面过渡区的元素富集特性、水化物相类型和形态来影响MgO砂浆的膨胀特性,含有细粉的人工细骨料可以通过改变外掺MgO水泥水化程度和MgO含量来改变MgO砂浆的特性。     

水环境中药物污染、检测及去除研究进展

分析国内外水体中药物污染现状及其差异,详述水环境中痕量药物残留分析典型流程及固相萃取结合色谱 质谱联用的检测方法,总结污水处理厂、传统氧化工艺、高级氧化工艺、活性炭吸附和新型水处理技术去除效果和机理,认为在我国对各类水体进行药物污染调查、明确"优先污染药物"及研究水处理工艺药物去除效果等方面是今后研究的重点。     

高效低耗活性炭水处理工艺设计方法的优化

介绍活性炭吸附工艺设计的基本步骤和方法,说明如何建立高效低耗的活性炭水处理工艺,并通过吸附容量实验与连续流穿透实验获得工艺设计的基本参数。以吸附性能指标选炭法、微型快速穿透实验及生物活性炭系统的案例,论述活性炭塔中生物活性炭现象、活性炭催化/降解功能以及再生炭应用等高效低耗的功效,以达到进一步降低活性炭水处理成本的目的。     

Factors affecting ambulatory heart rate in industrial workers†

The influence of several factors on the heart-rate (HR) response to tasks performed during regular work has been evaluated in a study population of 1654 male factory employees in Israel. Each worker was monitored for approximately one hour with an ambulatory electrocardiogram. The percentage change from resting HR decreased with increasing age and, as expected, was lower in sedentary workers than in manual workers. A highly significant negative correlation between the HR response and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found in the manual workers only. In further multiple regression analysis, after controlling for age, relative weight, smoking status, resting HR and the presence of abnormalities on the resting ECG, the association persisted for systolic BP only. Among young workers, both smoking and relative body weight were significantly associated with a higher HR response to work. Those with ECG abnormalities had lower HR response than those with normal ECGs, but not significantly so. These findings indicate that for roughly equivalent tasks and levels of resting HR, the HR response to regular work is influenced by several constitutional and behavioural factors. It may therefore be important to consider these factors when assigning workers to tasks involving strenuous effort.     

Physiological and cognitive responses when riding an electrically assisted bicycle versus a classical bicycle

The present study compared the physiological responses and the subsequent cognitive performance when riding an electrically assisted (EB) versus a classical (CB) bicycle. Oxygen uptake, heart rate and leg extensor muscles electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded in 10 subjects during a 30-min intermittent cycling exercise performed with EB versus CB. Cognitive performance was evaluated by a mail sorting test, performed at rest and after each cycling session. Averaged oxygen uptake and heat rate were significantly (P < 0.05) lower during EB cycling than during CB cycling. The EMG activities of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius medialis muscles were significantly (P < 0.001) greater during CB cycling than during EB cycling. The time to complete the mail sorting test was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter after EB cycling than after CB cycling. Because EB cycling reduced muscle strains and physiological stress, it might offer benefits for those using bicycles in their work, such as postal workers and police officers. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This study compared physiological and cognitive responses when riding an electrically assisted versus a classical bicycle. The results showed that the electrically assisted bicycle led to reduced muscle strains and physiological stress and, therefore, might offer benefits for those using bicycles in their work, such as postal workers and police officers.