The development of risk assessment models for carpal tunnel syndrome: a case-referent study

The present study developed risk assessment models for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) which can provide information of the likelihood of developing CTS for an individual having certain personal characteristics and occupational risks. A case-referent study was conducted consisting of two case groups and one referent group: (1) 22 work-related CTS patients (W-CTS), (2) 25 non-work related CTS patients (NW-CTS), and (3) 50 healthy workers (HEALTHY) having had no CTS history. The classification of CTS patients into one of the case groups was determined according to the type of insurance covering their medical costs. Personal characteristics, psychosocial stresses at work, and physical work conditions were surveyed by using a questionnaire tailor-designed to CTS (reliability of each scale ? 0.7). By contrasting the risk information of each case group to that of the referent group, three logistic regression models were developed: W-CTS/HEALTHY, NW-CTS/HEALTHY, and C-CTS/HEALTHY (C-CTS, the combined group of W-CTS and NW-CTS). ROC analysis indicated that the models have satisfactory discriminability (d′ = ;1.91 to 2.51) and high classification accuracy (overall accuracy = 83 – 89%). Both W-CTS/HEALTHY and C-CTS/HEALTHY include personal and physical factors, while NW-CTS/HEALTHY involves only personal factors. This suggests that the injury causation of NW-CTS patients should be attributable mainly to their ‘high’ personal susceptibility to the disorder rather than exposure to adverse work conditions, while that of W-CTS patients be attributable to improper work conditions and CTS-prone personal characteristics in combination.     

基于生成少数类技术的深度自动睡眠分期模型

针对现阶段可用睡眠脑电数据皆为类不平衡小数据集，深度学习模型的直接迁移应用所取得的分期效果较差的问题，分别从数据集重构和模型训练优化两方面入手，提出可用于少量类不均衡原始睡眠脑电数据集的深度自动睡眠分期模型。首先，从减少决策域的角度对修改的生成少数类过采样技术（MSMOTE）进行改进，并将其用于数据集中少数类的生成；然后，用重构后的数据集对模型作预激活处理。15折交叉验证得出总体精度和宏F1值分别为86.73%和81.70%。应用改进后的MSMOTE重构的数据集对模型作预激活，可使最小类的F1值由45.16%增至53.64%。实验表明，模型可实现对少量原始睡眠脑电数据的端到端学习，总体分类效果优于近年高水平模型，适用于配备远程服务器的分体式便携睡眠监测设备。     

关于高速公路隧道病害处治技术的探讨

本文对高速公路隧道存在的主要病害类型进行了介绍，并提出了若干病害的治理技术，以期对公路施工能起到一定的指导作用。     

矩形暗埋段隧道的估算

以太原市南沙河沿岸中矩形暗埋段隧道为例,结合其场地岩土构成与工程特性,对建筑安装工程费(人工费、材料费、机械费)、工程建设其他费用以及基本预备费进行了估算预测,为项目决策提供了参考依据。     

Fire behaviour and external flames in corridor and tunnel‐like enclosures

This work investigates how the inflow, the burning and the outflow develop in a corridor open to one end having a fire at either the closed or open end. The situation of a corridor fire having a fire source at the close end is a situation similar to a tunnel having a fire source at the centre of the tunnel without ventilation. A gaseous propane burner is used to produce the fire at a prescribed fuel flow rate in a long corridor of aspect ratio up to 6:1 having a rectangular cross section and varying door‐like openings. Gas temperatures using thermocouple trees, heat fluxes in the corridor and on its façade, flame heights of emerging flames and total heat release rates (HRRs) are measured as the fuel flow rate of propane increases gradually and linearly with time to a preset maximum value. For over‐ventilated conditions, the flames remain near the fire source at the closed end of the corridor. Unexpectedly, it is established for under‐ventilated conditions that the inflow of air is not affected by the aspect ratio of the corridor or the location of the burner in the corridor and that the vertical distribution of gas temperatures inside the enclosure is nearly uniform with height everywhere. In addition, the flame heights and heat fluxes on the façade are the same as those for aspect ratios of the corridor from 1:1 to 3:1 examined in previous work. Moreover, as the conditions changed from over‐ventilated to under‐ventilated conditions, the flames migrated in a ghostly manner from the closed end to the open end of the corridor as soon as under‐ventilated conditions were established. The speed of migration of the flames from the back to the front has also been inferred from the thermocouple tree measurements, which also indicate that the flow conditions ahead and after the passing of the front are changed. These results can be applied to interpret some of the observed behaviours of fires in long corridors or tunnels without ventilation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市隧道照明设计探讨

根据近些年的城市隧道工程设计经验,介绍了隧道照明的设计依据、标准及基本要求,分析了城市隧道照明设计的照明标准值、灯具布置、应急照明、照明控制、配线、节能措施等方面内容,并对隧道照明工程设计实例进行了探讨。     

Estimation of target station data using satellite data and deep learning algorithms

In this study, an innovative model has been developed for wind speed estimation through the Deep Learning method using hourly wind speed data from the measurement stations of the General Directorate of Meteorology in Van and Hakkari provinces in Turkey in conjunction with simultaneous satellite images from Eumetsat. Obtained satellite images were used during the introduction of the model, while wind speed data were used at the output stage. As a result of the findings, it was found that 85% accuracy performance could be achieved to provide sufficient insight for systems that are widely established worldwide. The model, developed as a result of the study, eliminates the need to install wind measuring stations for any region on earth within the satellite field in terms of determining wind potential. Since the field of view of the Meteosat 7 satellite covers the whole of Eastern Europe, it was determined that it could predict a high rate of up to 6 hours later by the method used in image analysis. The systems to be controlled with this method will be able to examine the weather events instantly at each point in the satellite field of view and make more accurate decisions. Also, companies will be able to perform a more detailed and rapid field scan compared to existing limited methods, and reduce initial investment costs and operating costs in terms of renewable energy resources investments.     

Pressure Combined with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Deep Tissue Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Pressure Ulcer Model

Pressure ulcer is a complex and significant health problem in long-term bedridden patients, and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis contributing to the deep injury of pressure ulcers are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Akt/GSK3β signaling in pressure ulcers. A model of pressure-induced deep tissue injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was established. Rats were treated with 2-h compression and subsequent 0.5-h release for various cycles. After recovery, the tissue in the compressed regions was collected for further analysis. The compressed muscle tissues showed clear cellular degenerative features. First, the expression levels of ER stress proteins GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were generally increased compared to those in the control. Phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β were upregulated in the beginning of muscle compression, and immediately significantly decreased at the initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in compressed muscles tissue. These data show that ER stress may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cell degeneration after pressure ulcers and that the Akt/GSK3β signal pathway may play an important role in deep tissue injury induced by pressure and ischemia/reperfusion.     

面向任务口语理解研究现状综述

口语理解是对话系统重要的功能模块，语义槽填充和意图识别是面向任务口语理解的两个关键子任务。近年来，联合识别方法已经成为解决口语理解中语义槽填充和意图识别任务的主流方法，介绍两个任务由独立建模到联合建模的方法，重点介绍基于深度神经网络的语义槽填充和意图识别联合建模方法，并总结了目前存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势。     

IPv6的部署进程和过渡技术应用

IPv6过渡技术广泛应用在Internet上，技术发展相对成熟。为了给内部网的升级换代提供有效的参考，实现内部网的平稳过渡。本文首先对常用的双栈技术、隧道技术和协议转换技术的基本原理进行分析研究。