加卸荷条件下大理岩变形特征及能量演化

为揭示深埋大理岩在不同应力路径下的变形特征和能量演化特征,基于大理岩的常规三轴试验和卸荷三轴试验,分析了大理岩变形破坏过程中变形和能量演化的围压效应和应力路径影响。结果表明:大理岩在加卸荷条件下均表现出显著的围压效应;卸荷条件下大理岩的损伤扩容应力阈值和峰值强度较加载条件下的低;加载应力路径下能量耗散阶段占比更大,卸荷应力路径下能量聚集阶段占比更大;加卸荷条件下损伤扩容点对应的总能量和弹性应变能与围压具有良好的线性关系;针对峰值应力对应的总能量、弹性应变能及耗散能,加载应力路径下其均与围压具有正线性关系,而卸荷应力路径下均与围压成指数关系。基于以上结论,提出了确定大理岩破坏点的定量方法,结合应力-应变关系曲线,有效地解决了高围压作用下大理岩破坏点难以确定的问题,为深埋洞室围岩的稳定性分析提供依据。     

Innovative polyelectrolytes/poly(ionic liquid)s for energy and the environment

This paper presents the work carried out within the European project RENAISSANCE‐ITN, which was dedicated to the development of innovative polyelectrolytes for energy and environmental applications. Within the project different types of innovative polyelectrolytes were synthesized such as poly(ionic liquid)s coming from renewable or natural ions, thiazolium cations, catechol functionalities or from a new generation of cheap deep eutectic monomers. Further, macromolecular architectures such as new poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers and new (semi)conducting polymer/polyelectrolyte complexes were also developed. As the final goal, the application of these innovative polymers in energy and the environment was investigated. Important advances in energy storage technologies included the development of new carbonaceous materials, new lignin/conducting polymer biopolymer electrodes, new iongels and single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors and batteries and new poly(ionic liquid) binders for batteries. On the other hand, the use of innovative polyelectrolytes in sustainable environmental technologies led to the development of new liquid and dry water, new materials for water cleaning technologies such as flocculants, oil absorbers, new recyclable organocatalyst platforms and new multifunctional polymer coatings with antifouling and antimicrobial properties. All in all this paper demonstrates the potential of poly(ionic liquid)s for high‐value applications in energy and enviromental areas. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Simulating of marble subjected to uni-axial loading using index-parabola damage model

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｏｃｋｉｓａｈｉｇｈｌｙｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｍｅｄｉｕｍ ,ｗｈｏｓｅｂｅ ｈａｖｉｏｒｃａｎｂｅｃａｔｅｇｏｒｉｚｅｄｉｎｔｏａｎｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｉｎｅａｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｐｌａｓｔｉｃｏｒｔｈｅｗｅａｋｅｎｅｄｐｈａｓｅａｆｔｅｒａｔ ｔａｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅａｋｓｔｒｅｓｓ[1 ] .Ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ ,ｔｈｅａｖｅｒａｇｅｍｏｄｕｌｕｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｉｓｔａｋｅｎａｓ 50 %ｏｆｅｌａｓｔｉｃｍｏｄｕｌｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｅａｋｓｔｒｅｓｓｉｎｔｒａｄ…     

Statically accelerated experimental simulation on the deterioration of dynamic strength of rock

In order to reveal the strength deterioration law of rock mass under an acidified environment, a series of experiments on strength deterioration and the environmental effect on marble and diabase under the conditions of three kinds of acids （H2SO4, HNO3 and HC1） with three contents （1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0%） in a static fluid surrounding were carried out by single factor simulation. After the stones had been saturated in the above solutions for 90 days, an indoor weathering simulation had been observed for 300 days and its strength characteristics were measured under static/dynamic load and that results were compared with those under the natural condition. It is evident that the strength is emaciated greatly after the stones eroded by the liquids, whether under the static or dynamic load.     

The primacy of excavating and bulk handling in future mining

ABSTRACT

In spite of distractions from glamour areas (e.g., ground control, computers), excavating and bulk handling in mining remains paramount but is now undergoing dramatic advances. The massive intervention of mining and civil engineers as “engineer-users” into the tight, exclusive, and specialized bond between the equipment operator (“operator-users”) and the manufacturer (mechanical engineers and sales “reps”) has now occurred. Three developments have accelerated this: 1) larger, more costly, complex, specialized, and innovative equipment; 2) a more profound understanding of the equipment, operations, and working conditions (encumbered space); and 3) a concurrent thrust into “high-tech,” (automatic and remote controls, sensors, automation, artificial intelligence, and even robotics) and human factors (workload intensity, work-station design). This has produced a well-defined professional discipline, including construction and even military engineering. The mine plant, and to a lesser extent, the mine face, is now being monitored. Equipment conferences, journals, and centers at universities and agencies have multiplied. The discipline's impact on future mining now becomes more apparent.     

水利水电工程深埋长隧洞勘察技术方法

分析了深埋长隧洞可能存在的主要工程地质问题和勘察难点,提出了勘察思路和原则,建议以遥感、地面调查、深钻孔与孔内测试、长探洞、大地电磁测深等为深埋长隧洞的主要勘察方法,并对不同方法的应用条件进行了探讨。     

不饱和聚酯型人造大理石的力学性能

简述了不饱和聚酯(UPR)型人造大理石的制备工艺。研究了质量比为4∶1的Al(OH)3/Ca(OH)2复合填料用量对不饱和聚酯型人造大理石力学性能的影响,对制得的人造大理石的耐腐蚀性进行了测试,采用光学显微镜观察了试样腐蚀前后的表面形貌。结果表明,在复合填料与UPR质量比为1.86∶1时,弯曲强度、压缩强度达到最大,分别为55.88 MPa和96.04 MPa。甲苯对人造石的腐蚀作用最大,氢氧化钠次之,硫酸腐蚀作用较小,腐蚀介质主要对不饱和树脂聚合物产生腐蚀,从而导致人造石力学性能降低。     

道路与铁道工程中的地质灾害评价

针对地质灾害的危害性,对深埋长隧道工程开挖的主要地质灾害问题进行了研究,进行了斜坡坡面地质灾害分析及防治措施评价,探讨了广东公路地质灾害的特点,指出在进行地质灾害评价时,应从成因、特点、防治措施及措施效果等多方面考虑。     

引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞TBM的刀具选型试验

引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞TBM施工遭遇超硬岩石,在试掘进阶段进度严重滞后于合同计划指标。为了减少刀具更换时间、促进施工进度,将刀具选型试验作为突破口。通过利用各厂家提供的刀具进行TBM试掘进,将每家2把刀具交叉安装在相应刀位上,在试验过程中进行磨损量测试、岩石抗压强度测试。从这两项指标定量分析刀具选型,结合过渡区域刀具磨损量及速率、面刀区域刀具磨损情况、整刀使用寿命、极限磨损情况、2 km试掘进阶段刀具消耗情况,综合评价各类型刀具性能。结果表明,受掌子面平整度、岩石强度及石英含量影响,不同部位的磨损量、变形都存在较大差异,尤其不同处理工艺的刀具,其耐磨值和稳定性决定着TBM的掘进速度。研究成果对超硬岩隧洞TBM刀具的选取具有一定的参考价值,也对刀具材料的研究提供了基础数据。     

一种天然大理石变色的制备方法

在马弗炉中采用不同温度下对天然大理石进行热处理,而后观察热处理前后石材表面形貌和颜色变化情况,并采用荧光光谱仪分析热处理前后石材化学元素变化情况,探讨石材变色的机理。实验结果表明,随着热处理温度的增加,石材表面由完好转变成有裂纹,同时变色越是明显,由绿色变成红棕色。变色的主要原因是其中的氧化亚铁和四氧化三铁在高温下转变成了氧化铁,提高了氧化铁含量的增加,使得石材颜色变化。该制备方法具有生产工艺简单,变色稳定的优点。