大口径纹影系统主反射镜装调结构分析与设计

研制纹影测试系统中大口径主球面反射镜的装调结构.利用有限元法,对有效通光口径直径为800 mm的主镜进行应力和面变形分析.采用断裂几率预测法校核玻璃机械强度,通过优化得出反射镜面变形的均方根(rootmean square,RMS),以此为依据,设计出满足系统技术要求的主镜装调结构.     

Mold deformation in soft UV-nanoimprint lithography

UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) using a soft mold is a promising technique with low cost and high throughput for producing the submicron scale large-area patterns. However, the deformations of the soft mold during imprinting process which can cause serious consequences have to be understood for the practical application of the process. This paper investigated the deformation of the soft mold by theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and experimental studies. We simulated the mold deformation using a simplified model and finite element method. The simulation and the related experimental results agree well with each other. Through the investigation, the mechanism and affected factors of the mold deformation are revealed, and some useful conclusions have been achieved. These results will be valuable in optimizing the imprinting process conditions and mold design for improving the quality of transferred patterns.     

Impact fracture behavior of clay-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

The micromechanism of plastic deformation during impact loading of polypropylene-clay nanocomposites is examined and compared with the unreinforced polypropylene under identical conditions of processing to underscore the determining role of clay. The addition of clay to polypropylene increases the impact strength in the temperature range of 0 to +70 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques provided an understanding of the micromechanism of plastic deformation in terms of the response of the polymer matrix, nucleating capability of the reinforcement, crystal structure, percentage crystallinity, lamellae thickness, and particle-matrix interface. The enhancement of toughness on reinforcement of polypropylene with nanoclay is associated with change in the primary mechanism of plastic deformation from crazing and vein-type in neat polypropylene to microvoid-coalescence-fibrillation process in the nanocomposite.     

Understanding of the tensile deformation in HDPE/LDPE blends based on their crystal structure and phase morphology

The mechanisms of tensile deformation in high density polyethylene/low density polyethylene (HDPE/LDPE) blends were studied by a video-controlled tensile set-up, combined with dynamic mechanical analysis and small angle X-ray scattering. When quenching from the melt to room temperature, HDPE forms well-organized spherulits with high crystallinity and rigid amorphous layers between lamellae, and LDPE forms irregular aggregates with low crystallinity and mobile amorphous layers between lamellae. A separate lamellar stack-like structure is formed in HDPE/LDPE blends during the quenching. The deformation is affected by both the crystal structure and the phase morphology. Because the semi-crystalline polymers are made up of two interpenetrating networks, one is built up by the entangled fluid part and the other by the crystallites, at low deformations the coupling and coarse slips of the crystalline blocks dominate the mechanical properties, which allows the system to maintain a homogeneous strain distribution in the sample. The assumption of a homogeneous strain distribution can now be further proved by the tensile deformation in HDPE/LDPE blends, which shows two-step processes, with HDPE crystallites being broken down first at imposed strain of 0.4 and then LDPE crystallites being broken later, at an imposed strain of 0.6.     

变压器绕组变形实例

以两起短路冲击引发的变压器绕组变形事故为例．介绍判断变压器绕组变形的方法、     

四川泸定Ms6.8级地震大岗山特高拱坝变形特征分析

大岗山双曲拱坝坝高210 m,坝址位于鲜水河、安宁河和龙门山三条断裂带交汇处附近,其抗震设防加速度为557.5 cm/s²,是世界上抗震设防标准最高的高拱坝。在泸定Ms6.8级地震中,大坝强震监测系统记录到了完整的地震波形,且顺河向最大峰值加速度达到586.63 cm/s²,是目前国内已建200 m级高拱坝中唯一经历近场强震考验的大坝。依据大坝震后变形宏观现象和监测原观数据,对大坝坝体与地基系统变形进行了分析。结果表明：震后大坝整体向下游变形,径向位移增量在-1.53~20.04 mm之间,弦长拉伸增量在15.27~23.50 mm之间,大坝横缝在地震过程中存在开合过程,低高程横缝存在一定残余张开,增量在-0.08~0.46 mm之间,变形整体协调。同时,大坝左右岸坝肩、坝基置换块、大坝与基础等部位存在一定的残余错动,这是导致大坝产生较大残余变形的主要原因,但大坝坝体本身仍处于弹性工作状态,最终在新的平衡位置上保持稳定,表明大岗山拱坝经受住了本次强震考验。相关成果可为震后大坝安全评估、高拱坝抗震设计及研究提供参考。     

基于NPSI方法的西安市地裂缝灾害链地表形变监测与演化态势分析

受构造背景、地下水采掘、活断层等因素的综合作用,西安市地裂缝于近年间不断加剧,引发多处不均匀地表沉降,并演化为对地表及地下建筑物均有强烈破坏作用的城市地质灾害链。为探明西安市地裂缝灾害链区域近年间的地表沉降态势、辨析不均匀沉降与地裂缝发育的联系,引入在城市地表形变监测精度和可靠性方面具有显著优势的网络化永久散射体时序雷达干涉测量（NPSI）方法,以2017年3月至2018年3月间成像的15期Sentinel-1A卫星SAR影像为数据源针对西安地区开展了时序监测分析,结合水准测量数据验证发现NPSI监测结果的精度达到 ±4.75 mm。实验结果表明：西安市地裂缝正向西南郊发育,地下水采掘及地上地下工程的建设在地裂缝发育趋势下加剧了不均匀沉降灾害,在形成地裂缝灾害链的鱼化寨、电子城、曲江新区以及地铁3号线等危害严重区域需要实时监测地裂缝发育趋势,并合理规划地下水开采及工程建设活动。相关研究结果可为路政、城建等部门的业务工作及相关研究提供参考信息。     

基于宽度学习的结构沉降预测

结构监测是确保工程结构建设在施工和运营阶段安全的关键因素,因此采用合理有效的预测模型对结构沉降监测数据进行科学准确的预测成为了当前结构沉降预测研究的重点。针对传统预测方法与深度学习方法用于结构沉降预测存在的预测精度不够高、模型结构复杂、训练耗时等问题,提出了一种基于宽度学习的结构沉降时间序列预测模型。通过实测地铁地下隧道沉降监测数据对宽度学习、人工神经网络、支持向量回归和深度置信网络-支持向量回归预测模型的预测结果进行对比分析。实验结果表明:宽度学习系统(broad learning system,BLS)应用于结构沉降预测具有良好的效果,其训练速度更快,预测精度更高。验证了所提出的宽度学习算法应用于结构沉降预测的可实施性和有效性。     

兰州某地铁车站深基坑开挖变形特性及环境影响分析

针对兰州城区工程地质水文条件复杂的问题,为了研究该地区地铁车站深基坑开挖过程中支护结构的变形受力特点和对周边环境的影响,以迎门滩站深基坑工程为典型案例进行分析。该车站基坑所在区段属黄河漫滩区,地铁穿过地层主要为卵石土,水位5～8 m。该基坑围护结构采用钻孔灌注桩+钢管内支撑体系。采用PLAXIS 3D有限元分析软件对该基坑建立三维有限元计算模型,土体本构模型采用土体硬化(HS)模型,依据工程实际开挖工况进行分部开挖计算,根据计算结果对桩撑式支护结构的变形和受力及基坑周边地表和地下管线的变形进行了分析。结果表明:围护桩的变形量、地表沉降量和管线位移量会随着基坑开挖深度的增加有逐渐累积的趋势,但在架设内支撑并施加预应力后,这些变形量的增速会减缓甚至变形量会减小。内支撑施加预应力之后自身轴力会有较大增加,之后基本保持不变,对其他内支撑轴力的影响较小。各变形量均在控制范围之内,满足设计和环境要求,表明该深基坑采用的钻孔灌注桩+钢管内支撑支护体系设计合理。研究成果可为后续黄土地区类似地铁车站深基坑工程建设提供一定的参考依据。     

中缅天然气管线沿线滑坡变形监测与机理分析——以黔西南州沙子镇滑坡为例

中缅天然气管线黔西晴隆段沙子镇2016年和2017年连续2次因滑坡引发天然气管线破裂事件,引起了人们的极大关注。滑坡的变形机制和监测对该区的天然气管线的正常运营具有非常重要的意义。在研究区域构造背景的基础上,根据该区地质、构造特征和现场收集的滑坡变形资料及监测数据,开展了该区段变形机制的研究和变形监测分析。研究结果表明:滑坡变形主要划分为管线正常运行阶段的坡体未变形、缓慢蠕滑变形、加速蠕滑变形和管线破裂变形4个阶段。滑坡主要是由于人工堆填土方所引起的蠕滑变形所致。监测数据表明:通过抗滑处理后,坡体的变形得到了有效控制,天然气管线运行较为安全,但仍需要进一步的监测和预报。